PubMed Journal Database | Breast cancer research : BCR 
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Showing PubMed Articles 1–25 of 40 from Breast cancer research : BCR
INTRODUCTION: Early pregnancy has a strong protective effect against breast cancer in humans and rodents, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Because breast cancers are thought to arise from specific cell subpopulations of mammary epithelia, we studied the effect of parity on the transcriptome and the differentiation/proliferation potential of specific luminal and basal mammary cells in mice. METHODS: Mammary epithelial cell subpopulations (luminal Sca1-, luminal Sca1+, basal stem/progenitor, and basal...
Platinum chemotherapy for BRCA1-related breast cancer: do we need more evidence?
ABSTRACT: A recent prospective clinical trial provides further evidence that breast cancers arising in germline BRCA1 mutation carriers are highly sensitive to cisplatin chemotherapy. The potential significance of these data for the management of patients with BRCA1-related and BRCA2-related breast cancer is discussed.
ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Given that breast cancers in germline BRCA1 carriers are predominantly estrogen-negative and triple-negative, it has been suggested that women diagnosed with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) under the age of 50 should be offered BRCA1 testing, regardless of family cancer characteristics. However, the predictive value of triple negative breast cancer when taken in the context of personal and family cancer characteristics is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether T...
p130Cas/Cyclooxygenase-2 axis in the control of mesenchymal plasticity of breast cancer cells.
ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Intrinsic plasticity of breast carcinoma cells allows them to undergo a transient and reversible conversion into mesenchymal cells to disseminate into distant organs, where they can re-differentiate to an epithelial-like status to form a cohesive secondary mass. The p130Cas scaffold protein is over-expressed in human ER+ and HER2+ breast cancer where it contributes to cancer progression, invasion and resistance to therapy. However, its role in regulating mesenchymal aggressive breast...
Hippo inactivation feeds tumor-initiating cells.
ABSTRACT: The Hippo pathway has emerged as a well-conserved kinase cascade controlling cell proliferation and survival and has recently gained much attention for its key activity as a tumor suppressor. In a study published in Cell, Cordenonsi and colleagues link TAZ, a downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, to attributes of putative breast cancer stem cells, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cell polarity.
ABSTRACT: The central goal of cancer immunotherapy is to control tumors through the mobilization of the patient's immune system. Vaccines targeting the Her2/neu proto-oncogene have been tested with some early encouraging responses in breast cancer. However, a more effective set of vaccines targeting specific immune cell subtypes may provide a more potent means to stimulate anti-tumor immunity. Dendritic cell-specific antibodies fused with the Her2/neu protein proved effective at generating immune responses...
ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: C-C Chemokine receptor type7 (CCR7), plays an important role in chemotactic and metastatic responses in various cancers, including breast cancer. In this study, we demonstrated that microRNA Let-7a down-regulates CCR7 expression and directly influences the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. METHODS: We detected the expressions of CCR7, its ligand CCL21, and Let-7a in breast cancer cell lines and in breast cancer patient tissues. We used synthetic Let-7a oligo-nucleotides...
ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is characterized by negativity for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2, is a high risk breast cancer that lacks specific targets for treatment selection. Chemotherapy is therefore the primary systemic modality used in the treatment of this disease, but reliable parameters to predict the chemosensitivity of TNBC have not been clinically available. METHODS: A total of 190 TNBC patients who had undergone a curative resection o...
ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Genome-wide association studies, focusing primarily on unilateral breast cancer, have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a number of genomic regions that have alleles associated with a significantly increased risk of breast cancer. In the current study we evaluate the contributions of these previously identified regions to the risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. The most strongly disease-associated SNPs from prior studies were tested for association w...
ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) endogenously regulate microtubule stabilization and have been reported as prognostic and predictive markers for taxane response. The microtubule stabilizer, MAP-tau, has shown conflicting results. We quantitatively assessed MAP-tau expression in two independent breast cancer cohorts to determine prognostic and predictive value of this biomarker. METHODS: MAP-tau expression was evaluated in the retrospective Yale University breast cancer cohort...
ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: It is postulated that breast cancer stem cells (bCSCs) mediate disease recurrence and drive formation of distant metastases - the principal cause of mortality in breast cancer patients. Therapeutic targeting of bCSCs however, is hampered by their heterogeneity and resistance to existing therapeutics. In order to identify strategies to selectively remove bCSCs from breast cancers, irrespective of their clinical subtype, we sought an apoptosis mechanism that would target bCSCs yet woul...
Silencing of the IKKepsilon gene by siRNA inhibits invasiveness and growth of breast cancer cells.
ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: IkappaB Kinase epsilon (IKKepsilon) is a member of the IKK family which plays an important role in the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). Overexpressed in over 30% of breast cancers, IKKepsilon has been recently identified as a potential breast cancer oncogene. The purpose of this study is to examine the therapeutic potential of IKKepsilon siRNA on human breast cancer cells. METHODS: Eight siRNAs targeting different regions of the IKKepsilon mRNA were designed, and the...
Receptor conversion in distant breast cancer metastases.
ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: When breast cancer patients develop distant metastases, the choice of systemic treatment is usually based on tissue characteristics of the primary tumor as determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or molecular analysis. Several previous studies have shown that the immunophenotype of distant breast cancer metastases may be different from that of the primary tumor ("receptor conversion"), leading to inappropriate choice of systemic treatment. The studies published so far are howeve...
P190B RhoGAP has pro-tumorigenic functions during MMTV-Neu mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis.
ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Rho GTPases are overexpressed and hyperactivated in human breast cancers. Deficiency of p190B RhoGAP, a major inhibitor of the Rho GTPases, inhibits mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat (MMTV)-Neu/ErbB2 mammary tumor formation and progression in part through effects within the stromal environment, suggesting that p190B function is pro-tumorigenic. To further investigate the potential pro-tumorigenic actions of p190B, we examined the effects of exogenous p190B expression wit...
Akt is required for Stat5 activation and mammary differentiation.
ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: The Akt pathway plays a central role in regulating cell survival, proliferation and metabolism and is one of the most commonly activated pathways in human cancer. A role for Akt in epithelial differentiation, however, has not been established. We previously reported that mice lacking Akt1, but not Akt2, exhibit a pronounced metabolic defect during late pregnancy and lactation that results from a failure to up-regulate glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) as well as several lipid synthetic e...
Radiosensitization of mammary carcinoma cells by telomere homolog oligonucleotide pretreatment.
ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Ionizing radiation (IR) is a widely used approach to cancer therapy, ranking second only to surgery in rate of utilization. Responses of cancer patients to radiotherapy depend in part on the intrinsic radiosensitivity of the tumor cells. Thus, promoting tumor cell sensitivity to IR could significantly enhance the treatment outcome and quality of life for patients. METHODS: Mammary tumor cells were treated by a 16-base phosphodiester-linked oligonucleotide homologous to the telomere G...
ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Lymphedema is a frequent consequence of lymph node excision during breast cancer surgery. Current treatment options are limited mainly to external compression therapies to limit edema development. We investigated previously, post-surgical lymphedema in a sheep model following the removal of a single lymph node and determined that autologous lymph node transplantation has the potential to reduce or prevent edema development. In this report, we examine the potential of lymphangiogenic...
ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing protein (Tiam1) is a Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (Rac)-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor that was isolated based on its ability to induce a metastatic phenotype. In polarized migrating keratinocytes, Tiam1 is found at the leading edge where it cooperates with the Protease-activated receptor 1 (Par1) complex to establish front-rear polarity. Although a positive correlation has been observed between Tiam1 expressio...
Phenotypic and molecular characterization of the claudin-low intrinsic subtype of breast cancer.
ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: In breast cancer, gene expression analyses have defined five tumor subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched, basal-like and claudin-low), each of which has unique biologic and prognostic features. Here, we comprehensively characterize the recently identified claudin-low tumor subtype. METHODS: The clinical, pathological and biological features of claudin-low tumors were compared to the other tumor subtypes using an updated human tumor database and multiple independent data sets....
ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Multi-marker molecular assays have impacted management of early stage breast cancer, facilitating adjuvant chemotherapy decisions. We generated prognostic models that incorporate protein-based molecular markers and clinico-pathological variables to improve survival prediction. METHODS: We used a quantitative immunofluorescence method to study protein expression of 14 markers included in the Oncotype DXTM assay on a 638 breast cancer patient cohort with 15-year follow-up. We performed...
ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Natural herbal compounds with novel actions different from existing breast cancer (BCa) treatment modalities are attractive for improving therapeutic efficacy and safety. We have recently shown that penta-1,2,3,4,6-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG) induced S-phase arrest in prostate cancer (PCa) cells through inhibiting DNA replicative synthesis and G1 arrest, in addition to inducing cell death at higher levels of exposure. We and others have shown that PGG through intraperitoneal (i.p....
ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Mammographic density (MD), as assessed from film screen mammograms, is determined by the relative content of adipose, connective and epithelial tissue in the female breast. In epidemiological studies, a high percentage of MD confers a four to six fold risk elevation of developing breast cancer, even after adjustment for other known breast cancer risk factors. However, the biologic correlates of density are little known. METHODS: Gene expression analysis using whole genome arrays was...
ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Tamoxifen is one of the most effective adjuvant breast cancer therapies available. Its metabolism involves the phase I enzyme, cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6), encoded by the highly polymorphic CYP2D6 gene. CYP2D6 variants resulting in poor metabolism of tamoxifen are hypothesised to reduce its efficacy. An FDA-approved pre-treatment CYP2D6 gene testing assay is available. However, evidence from published studies evaluating CYP2D6 variants as predictive factors of tamoxifen efficacy and...
RAD51C germline mutations in breast and ovarian cancer patients.
ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Breast carcinoma is the main malignant tumor occurring in patients with Cowden disease, a cancer-prone syndrome caused by germline mutation of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN characterized by the occurrence throughout life of hyperplastic, hamartomatous and malignant growths affecting various organs. The absence of known histological features for breast cancer arising in a PTEN-mutant background prompted us to explore them for potential new markers. METHODS: We first performed a micro...
