PubMed Journal Database | Cancer science 
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Showing PubMed Articles 1–25 of 107 from Cancer science
Fractionated radiation-induced nitric oxide promotes expansion of glioma stem-like cells.
Glioblastoma remains as incurable brain disease owing to the prevalence of its recurrence. Considerable evidence suggests that glioma stem-like cells are responsible for glioma relapse after treatment, which commonly involves ionizing radiation. Here, we found that fractionated ionizing radiation (2 Gy/day for 3 days) induced glioma stem-like cell expansion and resistance to anticancer treatment such as cisplatin (50 μM) or taxol (500 nM), or by ionizing radiation (10 Gy) in both glioma cell lines (U87, U3...
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is a pleiotropic growth factor that has been implicated in inflammation and prostate cancer (CaP) progression. In the present study, we have investigated the potential role of BMP-6 in the context of macrophages and castration-resistant prostate cancer. When the androgen-responsive murine (TrampC1 and PTENCaP8) and human (LNCaP) CaP cell lines were co-cultured with macrophages in the presence of dihydrotestosterone, BMP-6 increased androgen-responsive promoter activity and c...
Selective Ablation of Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) Suppresses Metastasis and Angiogenesis.
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a critical role in promoting tumor development and metastasis. In this study, we found that legumain, an asparaginyl endopeptidase, was highly expressed on the surface of TAMs. A doxorubicin-based prodrug specifically activated by legumain selectively ablated TAMs and resulted in a significant reduction of angiogenic factors and related tumor vessel growth. Treatment with the prodrug also suppressed circulating tumor cells and myeloid immune suppressor Gr-1+ /CD11b+...
Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 non-structural proteins: requirements for latent infection.
It has been more than 30 years since the discovery of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1), the first human retrovirus identified. HTLV-1 infects 15-20 million people worldwide causing two major diseases: Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma and HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis. HTLV-1 establishes several decades of latent infection, during which viral-host interaction determines disease segregation. This review highlights non-structural proteins that are encoded on the viral genome...
CD146 and IMP3 predict prognosis of asbestos-induced rat mesothelioma.
Malignant mesothelioma (MM), which is associated with asbestos exposure, is one of the most deadly tumors in humans. Early MM is concealed in the serosal cavities and lacks specific clinical symptoms. For the better treatment, early detection and prognostic markers are necessary. Recently, CD146 and IMP3 (insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3) were reported as possible positive markers of MM to distinguish from reactive mesothelia in humans. However, their application on MM of different specie...
The diffusion pattern of low dose rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer in Japan.
Permanent implant brachytherapy for prostate cancer using iodine-125 seeds was adopted in Japan in 2003. Here, we report on the diffusion pattern of this treatment in Japan since 2003. We examined the annual numbers of prostate cancer patients per hospital in Japan, who were treated with iodine-125 seed implant brachytherapy with or without external beam radiation therapy between 2003 and 2011. The hospitals were excluded from the count if brachytherapy was begun in a hospital within the given year, and thu...
Roles of histone methyl-modifying enzymes in development and progression of cancer.
Retroviral insertional mutagenesis in mice is considered a powerful forward genetic strategy to identify disease genes involved in cancer. Our high-throughput screens led to frequent identification of the genes encoding the enzymes engaged in histone lysine methylation. Histone methylation can positively or negatively impact on gene transcription, and then fulfill important roles in developmental control and cell-fate decisions. A tremendous amount of progress has accelerated the characterization of histone...
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a highly aggressive B-cell lymphoma including 2 forms of BL differing in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection status: EBV-positive and EBV-negative BL. Recent years, although many efforts, such as high-intensity, short-duration combination chemotherapy, have been devoted to improve therapy for this rapidly proliferating neoplasm, there are still significant treatment-associated toxicities. Therefore, there remains a need for novel effective therapeutic strategies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) p...
The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B (LRP1B) is known as a putative tumor suppressor. The decreased expression of LRP1B has been involved in multiple primary cancers in several studies. However, its expression and function in the carcinogenesis of renal cell cancer (RCC) remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression of LRP1B in RCC by ISH and real-time PCR. Our results indicated that LRP1B was frequently down-expressed in human RCC tissue and cell lines, which involved bot...
Follicular lymphoma (FL) frequently transforms into diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). To clarify the associated clinicopathological prognostic parameters, we examined the correlation of 11 histopathological parameters with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in 107 consecutive patients who had DLBCL with preexisting (asynchronous) or synchronous FL. The patients comprised 58 men and 49 women with a median age of 56 years. For DLBCL, the complete response rate was 81%, overall resp...
CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) has been implicated in promoting metastasis of cancer cells through several mechanisms, including the inhibition of anoikis, cell death triggered by a loss of extracellular matrix interactions. However, the mechanism inhibiting cell death regulated by CDCP1 remains elusive. Inhibition of CDCP1 expression using small interfering RNA (siRNA) induced the cell death of suspended cancer cells without cleaving caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis; cell death was not inhibited b...
The transcription factor SOX2 is essential for the maintenance of embryonic stem cells and normal development of the esophagus. Our previous study revealed that the SOX2 gene is an amplification target of 3q26.3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and that SOX2 promotes ESCC cell proliferation in vitro. In the present study, we aimed to identify the mechanisms by which SOX2 promotes proliferation of ESCC cells. Using a phospho-protein array, we assayed multiple signaling pathways activated by SOX2...
The mitotic kinesin superfamily protein KIF14 is essential for cytokinesis and chromosome segregation and increased KIF14 expression is related to a variety of human cancers. In this study, we investigate KIF14 expression in association with clinical variables and the role of KIF14 during tumorigenesis. We found that KIF14 is overexpressed in most of primary HCC tissues compared with the adjacent normal liver tissues and KIF14 overexpression is associated with tumor grade (P = 0.002), stage (P = 0.013) and...
Omega-6 (n-6) arachidonic acid (AA) and its pro-inflammatory metabolites, including prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2) ), are known to promote tumorigenesis. Delta-6 desaturase (D6D) is the rate-limiting enzyme for converting n-6 linoleic acid (LA) to AA. Our objective was to determine if AA synthesis, specifically D6D activity, and PGE(2) levels are increased in cancerous breast tissue, and whether these variables differ between estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and negative (ER-) breast cancers. Gas chromatography w...
OBJECTIVE: This study examines the possible association between urinary tract infection (UTI) and urinary tract cancer (UTC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from the National Health Insurance (NHI) system of Taiwan were used for the analysis. The UTI cohort included 70116 patients whom were diagnosed and recruited in the whole country between the year of 1997 and 2010, and each patient was randomly frequency-matched with 2 people without UTI from the general population based on their age, sex, and month of UTI...
Upon exposure to nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs) such as zoledronic acid (Zol), human tumor cells increase susceptibility to γδ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Based on this finding, much attention has been paid to tumor immunotherapy using γδ T cells and N-BPs. Although Zol can render a wide variety of human tumor cells more susceptible to γδ T cell responses, there has been no systematic investigation to determine which types of tumor cells are more susceptible to γδ T cell-mediated cyto...
The presence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) somatic mutations in non-small cell lung cancer patients is associated with response to treatment with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), such as gefitinib and erlotinib. More than one hundred mutations in the kinase domain of EGFR have been identified. In particular there are many variations of deletion mutations in exon 19. In this study, we examined the differences in sensitivity to gefitinib, erlotinib and afatinib of several exon 19 muta...
Most of the cancer xenograft models are derived from tumor cell lines, but they do not sufficiently represent clinical cancer characteristics. Our objective was to develop xenograft models of bladder cancer derived from human tumor tissue and characterize them molecularly as well as histologically. A total of 65 bladder cancer tissues were transplanted to immunodeficient mice. Passagable 6 cases with clinico-pathologically heterogeneous bladder cancer were selected and their tumor tissues were collected (01...
Control of liver metastasis is an important issue in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Micro RNAs (miRNA) have been shown to be involved in the development of many cancers, but little is known about their role in the process of colorectal liver metastasis. We compared miRNA expression between primary colorectal tumors and liver metastasis to identify those involved in the process of metastasis. Cancer cells were isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary CRC samples and their correspondi...
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis. Little is known about the immune response in the tumor microenvironment after chemotherapy for initially unresectable tumor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunological effects of chemo(radiation)therapy in the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Seventeen patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma with and without preoperative chemo(radiation)therapy were retrospectively analyzed using immunohistochemical method...
Norcantharidin inhibits tumor angiogenesis via blocking VEGFR2/MEK/ERK signaling pathways.
Norcantharidin(NCTD), the demethylated form of Cantharidin, a reagent isolated from blister beetles, has been shown to been anti-tumor agent capable of inhibiting proliferation as well as inducing apoptosis in many cancer cell lines. However, little is known about the effect of NCTD in tumor angiogenesis. In this study, we demonstrated that NCTD inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)-induced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and capillary tube formation of primary human umbilical vein end...
Our neuroblastoma cDNA project previously identified Src homology 2 domain containing F (Shf) as one of the genes which are expressed at high levels in favorable neuroblastoma. Shf is an adaptor protein containing four putative tyrosine phosphorylation sites and an SH2 domain. Here, we found that Shf interacted with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), which is an oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase in neuroblastoma. Real-time PCR analysis showed that Shf mRNA is highly expressed in non-metastatic neuroblastoma...
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome associated with mogamulizumab treatment of Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.
We report an ATL patient suffering from Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) during mogamulizumab (humanized anti-CCR4 monoclonal antibody) treatment. There was a durable significant reduction of the CD4(+) CD25(high) FOXP3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cell subset in the patient's PBMC, and the affected inflamed skin almost completely lacked FOXP3-positive cells. This implies an association between reduction of the Treg subset by mogamulizimab and occurrence of SJS. The present case should contribute not only to our...
The sorting nexin (SNX) family is a diverse group of cytoplasmic and membrane-associated proteins that are involved in membrane-trafficking steps within the endocytotic network. SNX1 and SNX2 are components of the mammalian retromer complex, and they also play critical roles in the membrane trafficking of growth factor receptors including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and c-Met. The human lung cancer cell lines, which harbor activating mutations in the kinase domain of EGFR gene, are sensitive to...
Roles and mechanisms of cellular senescence in regulation of tissue homeostasis.
Cellular senescence is the state of irreversible cell cycle arrest that can be induced by a variety of potentially oncogenic stimuli and has therefore long been considered to suppress tumorigenesis, acting as a guardian of homeostasis. However, surprisingly, emerging evidences reveal that senescent cells also promote secretion of a series of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and matrix remodeling factors, which alter the local tissue environment and contribute to chronic inflammation and ca...
