PubMed Journal Database | Chemosphere 
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Showing PubMed Articles 1–25 of 150 from Chemosphere
A continuous injection experiment was implemented in a pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system to evaluate the behavior of four pharmaceuticals and personal care products (i.e. ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac and tonalide) and a phenolic estrogenic compound (i.e. bisphenol A). The treatment system consisted of an anaerobic reactor as a primary treatment, followed by two 0.65m(2) wetlands (B1 and B2) working in parallel and connected to a 1.65m(2) wetland (B3) operating in series. O...
Metabolites from fungal laccase-catalysed transformation of sulfonamides.
Soil metabolism of sulfonamides is largely unknown. Hence the sulfonamides sulfanilamide (SAA), sulfadimethoxine (SDT) and sulfapyridine (SPY) were reacted in model experiments with a fungal laccase from Trametes versicolor. Enzymatic transformation after a reaction time of 15d ranged from 10.0% for SAA up to 95.6% for SPY and the difference was attributed to the different molecular substituents. Metabolites were first tentatively assigned after LC-ESI(+)-MS full-scan analysis. Secondly, the proposed metabo...
This work presents the investigation of Ni(II) extraction from aqueous solution through pseudo-emulsion based hollow fiber strip dispersion (PSEHFSD) containing the mixture 2-hydroxy-5-nonylbenzaldehyde oxime+di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid/Exxsol D100 as extractant in the form of a pseudo-emulsion with H(2)SO(4). The organic and aqueous strip phases are separated when the stirring device is stopped. The permeation of Ni(II) is investigated as a function of various experimental variables: hydrodynamic cond...
The US Army is evaluating new, insensitive explosives to produce safer munitions. Two potential new components are 2,4-dinitro anisole (DNAN) and N-methyl paranitro aniline (MNA), which would eventually make their way to waste streams generated in the production and handling of new munitions. The effectiveness of anaerobic fluidized-bed bioreactors (AFBB) was studied for treatment and transformation of these two new chemical components in munitions. Each compound was fed into a separate reactor and monitore...
Ozonation performance of WWTP secondary effluent of antibiotic manufacturing wastewater.
The ozonation performance of wastewater treatment plant secondary effluent of oxytetracycline (OTC) manufacturing wastewater was investigated in terms of ozone dosage and initial pH levels when OTC contributed to a negligible fraction in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) ingredients of the medium-organic-strength wastewater with low biodegradability. A particular emphasis was placed on ammonia, OTC, and residual antibacterial activity (RAA) (evaluated using the objective pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus a...
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) consists of a constellation of metabolic abnormalities that confer increased risk of cardiovascular disease. There is a positive correlation between exposure to persistent organic pollutants and MetS. We examine the association between PCDD/Fs and MetS components in 1490 non-diabetic persons living near a highly dioxin-contaminated area. We used factor analysis, with a set of core variables considered central features of MetS and PCDD/Fs, to group similar risk factors. Serum PCDD/F...
Manganese (Mn) intoxication is most often regarded as an occupational manifestation and occurs in places such as manganese mines, dry cell battery plants and ceramic industries. In the present study, the influence of genetic polymorphism in cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6∗2), glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) genes on blood manganese and plasma prolactin concentrations in manganese miners was investigated. Genotyping of CYP2D6∗2 C→T 2850 and NQO1 C→T 609 wa...
Using the o,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDT ratio to identify DDT sources in China.
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) has been banned in China for decades, and yet high DDT concentrations are still being detected in the Chinese environment. This might be at least partly due to the current use of dicofol formulation, which contains DDT as an impurity. In this study, a method based on the ratios of two DDT isomers, o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDT, was established and used to estimate the relative contributions of dicofol formulation and those of technical DDT to overall environmental DDT. Based on...
Multimedia fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil: Oil matrix of constructed biopiles.
A dynamic multimedia fugacity model was used to evaluate the partitioning and fate of petroleum hydrocarbon fractions and aromatic indicator compounds within the soil: oil matrix of three biopiles. Each biopile was characterised by four compartments: air, water, soil solids and non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL). Equilibrium partitioning in biopile A and B suggested that most fractions resided in the NAPL, with the exception of the aromatic fraction with an equivalent carbon number from 5 to 7 (EC(5-7)). In Bi...
We have investigated the occurrence of controlled drugs in two rivers, two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and five hospital effluents in Taipei, Taiwan, and report here the concentrations of controlled drugs used as prescription medication or drugs of abuse. Of the target drugs, morphine, codeine, methamphetamines and ketamine were observed in significant quantities in hospital effluents, with maximum concentrations of 1240, 378, 260 and 206ngL(-1), respectively. The other six compounds (including meta...
Bonding TiO(2)/single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) composites have been successfully synthesized through a facile sol-solvothermal technique. The obtained materials were characterized in detail by XRD, FT-IR, Raman and TEM. The results revealed that TiO(2) and SWNCT linked compactly through ester bonds and thus improved their interfaces. Therefore, the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs was inhibited efficiently, which improved the photocatalytic activity. A reasonable mechanism was propo...
Recycling of ash from mezcal industry: A renewable source of lime.
Agave bagasse is a byproduct generated in the mezcal industry. Normally it is burned to reduce its volume, then a byproduct is generated in the form of residual ash, which can contaminate the water in rivers and lakes near the production places called "mezcaleras". This report details measurements of the Agave Salmiana fiber transformation after the burning process. The wasted ash was heated at 950°C, and then hydrolyzed. The compounds were indentified using the X-ray diffraction. The images obtained by sc...
PKC-δ mediates TCDD-induced apoptosis of chondrocyte in ROS-dependent manner.
Exposure to dioxin-like compounds is associated with arthritis in humans. A recent study reported that 2,3,7,8,-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces apoptosis in chondrocytes, which is a critical event in the pathogenesis of cartilage disease. In this study, protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathway was investigated to determine the mechanism of TCDD-induced rabbit articular chondrocyte apoptosis. TCDD exposure induced glutathione-mediated ROS generation and the translocation of PKC isozymes. Among the...
The impact of wastewater irrigation on the distribution of two groups of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), in farm soil was investigated in this study. The concentrations of total analyzed PCBs were in the range 256-2140pgg(-1) on dry weight basis in surface soils. There was a higher accumulation of PCBs in farms irrigated by wastewater, with decachlorobiphenyl (CB-209) as the predominant congener. The spatial distributions of...
Osmoregulation represents a reliable indicator of the physiological state of crustaceans. It is mainly effected in gills via Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (NKA) providing the major driving force for ion transport. In the present study conducted in the freshwater amphipod Gammarus fossarum, the impact of an exposure to 15μgCdL(-1) for 3 and 7d was investigated on the haemolymph osmolality (HO), gill structure, NKA localization in gills and its relative expression. In Cd-exposed G. fossarum, mean HO significantly decrea...
The activation of the metabolites of airborne polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) into highly reactive radicals is of fundamental importance. We found that human recombinant prostaglandin H synthase-2 (hPGHS-2) biotransforms dihydroxy-PCBs, such as 4-chlorobiphenyl-2',5'-hydroquinone (4-CB-2',5'-H(2)Q), into semiquinone radicals via one-electron oxidation. Using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, we observed the formation of the symmetric quartet spectrum (1:3:3:1 by area) of 4-chlorobiphenyl-...
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo furans (PCDD/Fs) were measured by a high resolution gas chromatograph-high resolution mass spectrometer (HRGC/HRMS) in selected edible fish from three freshwater bodies, Lake Volta, Lake Bosumtwi and Weija Lake in Ghana. The levels of organochlorine pesticides measured in this study were generally low. The highest concentration of OCPs was measured for dichlorodiph...
Present-day and more than 30years old road and footpath pavements from Auckland, New Zealand were analysed for PAHs to test the hypothesis that coal tar based pavement binders contribute to unusually high PAH concentrations in adjacent stream and estuarine sediments. Total PAH (∑(28)PAH) concentrations in the dichloromethane-soluble fraction ("binder"), comprising 5-10% of pavement mass, were as high as 200000mgkg(-1) (10000mgkg(-1) in binder+aggregate). Older and deeper pavement layers were strongly pyro...
Japanese Rabbits (Oyctolagus cuniculus) were exposed to α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH) either orally or dermally and concentrations of α-HCH and its two enantiomers were measured at different time intervals in the blood, intestine, liver, kidney, fat, brain, and muscle. The time trends were quantified using toxicokinetic models. It was found that absorption and elimination of α-HCH in blood were first-order processes which can be characterized by a single compartmental kinetic model. The absorption of...
This work describes the effect of weathering of fresh quenched municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash on the fractionation and leaching behavior of Cu. A sequential extraction procedure was used to characterize the fractionation of Cu in the fresh and weathered MSWI bottom ash samples. It showed that the organic matter bound fraction of Cu decreased drastically from 69% to 37% during the weathering treatment, while the residual fraction, Fe-Mn oxides bound fraction, carbonate bound fraction and...
Seasonal variations in physiological and biochemical parameters of the aquatic fern Salvinia minima exposed to different Cr(VI) concentrations were studied. Growth, photosynthetic pigments, soluble carbohydrates, sucrose-related enzymes, lipid peroxidation, phenolics, and Cr accumulation in floating and submerged leaves were analyzed. Cr content was lower in winter than in summer, indicating that active metabolic events occurred in metal uptake. Leaf number and metal concentration factor were higher in summ...
Enantioselectivity in separation and toxicity of chiral pesticides has become important research areas in environmental science, because these studies give a deeper insight into the environmental effect of chiral pesticides. In this study, enantiomeric separation of the organophosphorus pesticide and acaricide O-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate (EPN) was investigated by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with two chiral stationary phases. The racemate and separated enantiomers...
Enhancement of pyrene removed from contaminated soils by Bidens maximowicziana.
The research utilized Bidens maximowicziana along with pyrene-degrading bacteria to evaluate their potential in cleaning up pyrene contamination. The removal of pyrene from the planted soil was obviously higher than that from the unplanted soils. After 50d of B. maximowicziana growth, the average removal ratio of pyrene in planted soil was 79%, which was 28% higher than that of pyrene in unplanted soil. In contrast to other plants, both roots and shoots of B. maximowicziana could accumulate a large amount o...
Natural organic matter (NOM) consists of a complex mixture of organics and acts as precursors for a range of disinfection by-products (DBPs) including trihalomethanes (THMs). The characteristics of these precursors are still not well identified and here we have used a range of NOM surrogates that allows us to investigate how the characteristics of NOM relate to treatability with photocatalytical oxidation. Nine surrogates of NOM (five amino acids, two carbohydrates, two phenolic compounds) were evaluated an...
Vapor phase hydrogen peroxide (VPHP) nowadays finds more and more applications especially as a bio-decontamination agent for enclosed areas. Although this oxidizing agent logically offers a potential for the degradation of hazardous chemical contaminants, the information on the utilization within this area is very limited. The main objective of this study was to examine in detail the influence of basic operational (temperature, concentration of VPHP, relative humidity, condensation) and other conditions (e....
