PubMed Journal Database | Current allergy and asthma reports 
The US National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health manage PubMed.gov which comprises of more than 21 million records, papers, reports for biomedical literature, including MEDLINE, life science and medical journals, articles, reviews, reports and books. BioPortfolio aims to publish relevant information on published papers, clinical trials and news associated with users selected topics.
For example view all recent relevant publications on Epigenetics and associated publications and clincial trials.
Showing PubMed Articles 1–25 of 113 from Current allergy and asthma reports
Obesity in Asthma: Approaches to Treatment.
There is mounting evidence that obesity is associated with asthma, both of which are seeing a dramatic increase in prevalence. Not only is obesity a risk factor for the development of asthma but it is also associated with poor asthma control. Asthma phenotypes associated with obesity include early-onset allergic asthma and late-onset non-allergic asthma. The pathogenesis of the linkage is complex; obesity causes a variety of mechanical, metabolic, and immunological changes that can affect the airways. The t...
Racial Differences in Allergic Sensitization: Recent Findings and Future Directions.
Racial disparities are present in many facets of health and disease. Allergy and asthma are no exceptions. Secondary results from cross-sectional and cohort studies have provided information on the scope of racial disparities in allergic sensitization in the United States. African American/Black individuals tend to be sensitized more frequently than White individuals. Little is known about rates in other race groups. Genetics are unlikely to be the sole or major cause of the observed differences. Home dust...
Role of Leukotriene Antagonists and Antihistamines in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis.
Allergic rhinitis is the most common atopic disorder seen in ENT clinics. It is diagnosed by history, physical exam and objective testing. Patient education, environmental control measures, pharmacotherapy, and allergen-specific immunotherapy are the cornerstones of allergic rhinitis treatment and can significantly reduce the burden of disease. Current treatment guidelines include antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, oral and intranasal decongestants, intranasal anticholinergics, intranasal cromolyn,...
Rhinitis symptoms of rhinorrhea, congestion, sneezing, nasal/ocular pruritis, and postnasal drainage can significantly affect the quality of life for older adults. As the US population ages, it will be increasingly important for health-care providers to effectively diagnose and manage rhinitis. Rhinitis is categorized broadly into allergic rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis. Environmental changes and avoidance measures are a primary means of intervention. In addition, there are several topical therapies (na...
The Role of Interleukin-33 in Rhinitis.
IL-33, a member of the IL-1 cytokine family and a ligand to receptor ST2, has great potential to induce a T helper 2-type inflammatory response. IL-33 is proven to be released by epithelial cells during their injury by different environmental stimuli such as airborne allergens, viruses, and air pollutants. IL-33 acting as an endogenous danger signal is termed an alarmin. As such, this cytokine is considered to play a crucial role in an allergic inflammatory disease such as rhinitis. Recent investigations re...
Skin Testing For Beta-Lactam Antibiotics: Impact of the Availability of a Major Determinant.
Beta-lactam antibiotics are very effective agents for a variety of infections. In patients with beta-lactam allergy, these drugs are withheld due to fear of subsequent allergic reactions. Therefore, increasing their exposure to broad spectrum antibiotics, which are more costly, have greater side effects, and increase the risk of developing resistant organisms. Up to 90 % of patients with a proposed beta-lactam sensitivity can tolerate beta lactam agents after appropriate evaluation. Skin testing to beta-la...
Antibody-based Therapeutics for the Treatment of Human B cell Malignancies.
The dynamic expression of various phenotypic markers during B cell development not only defines the particular stage in ontogeny but also provides the necessary growth, differentiation, maturation and survival signals. When a B cell at any given stage becomes cancerous, these cell surface molecules, intracellular signaling molecules, and the over-expressed gene products become favorite targets for potential therapeutic intervention. Various adaptive and adoptive immunotherapeutic approaches induce T cell an...
Personalised Medicine and Asthma Diagnostics/Management.
Human beings come in all shapes and sizes. Heterogeneity makes life interesting, but leads to inter-individual variation in disease susceptibility and response to therapy. One major health challenge is to develop "personalised medicine"; therapeutic interventions tailored to an individual to ensure optimal treatment of disease. Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with several different phenotypes triggered by multiple gene-environment interactions. Inhaled corticosteroids and β2-agonists have been the mainst...
Immunology and Clinical Manifestations of Non-Clonal Mast Cell Activation Syndrome.
There is a spectrum of disorders that clinically manifest as a result of mast cell activation. A non-clonal form has emerged in the literature where many of the clinical features of systemic mastocytosis are shared despite having a distinct mast cell biology. In this review, we summarize key features of the science behind mast cell activation relevant to what is now known as non-clonal mast cell activation syndrome (nc-MCAS). We highlight the clinical manifestations of nc-MCAS with a focus on diagnosis and...
Update on the Performance and Application of Basophil Activation Tests.
The basophil activation test (BAT) is a flow-cytometry-based functional assay that assesses the degree of cell activation after exposure to a stimuli. Though no standardized technique currently exists, recent advances have improved the performance of this assay, including identification of new basophil-specific markers and comparisons of the expression of CD63 to CD203c during activation. The basophil activation test has also been validated for many IgE-mediated disease conditions, which have been extensive...
Fungal Disease of the Nose and Sinuses: An Updated Overview.
Fungal diseases of the nose and sinuses encompasses a diverse spectrum of disease. Clinical manifestations are largely dependent upon the immune status of the host, as, given the ubiquitous nature of these organisms, exposure is unavoidable. Asymptomatic colonization of the nasal passages by fungi warrants no treatment and is common, while allergic fungal rhinosinusitis is challenging and often requires a combined approach of surgical intervention, immunotherapy, and corticosteroid administration. A diagnos...
New Agents for Treating Dry Eye Syndrome.
Dry eye syndrome (DES) is characterized by an inadequate volume and/or quality of tears resulting in chronic ocular surface irritation and inflammation. Affecting up to 30 % of adults, DES has a considerable impact on visual function and quality of life. DES may complicate allergic ocular disease and allergy medication may exacerbate DES. The pathophysiology of DES involves osmotic, mechanical and inflammatory insults to the tear film, epithelium and subepithelial nerve plexus. Various immune-related molec...
Ocular myositis frequently manifests with orbital pain and diplopia. The diagnosis of ocular myositis falls within the overall classification of idiopathic orbital inflammatory diseases, defined as non-infective non-specific orbital inflammation without identifiable local or systemic causes. Orbital myositis may form part of more widespread systemic inflammatory processes such as Crohn's disease and the more recently described IgG4-related disease. There is also a broad range of ophthalmic differential diag...
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor as a Key Inducer of Angiogenesis in the Asthmatic Airways.
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by structural airway changes, which are known as airway remodeling, including smooth muscle hypertrophy, goblet cell hyperplasia, subepithelial fibrosis, and angiogenesis. Vascular remodeling in asthmatic lungs results from increased angiogenesis, which is mainly mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF is a key regulator of blood vessel growth in the airways of asthma patients by promoting proliferation and differentia...
Overview of Component Resolved Diagnostics.
Component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) utilize purified native or recombinant allergens to detect IgE sensitivity to individual allergen molecules and have become of growing importance in clinical investigation of IgE-mediated allergies. This overview updates current developments of CRD, including multiarray test systems. Cross-reactions between allergens of known allergen families (i.e. to Bet v 1 homologues) are emphasised. In pollinosis as well as in allergy to hymenoptera venoms or to food, CRD allows to...
Otitis Media in Infancy and the Development of Asthma and Atopic Disease.
Otitis media is a frequent respiratory infection of early childhood and it is important to fully understand the long-term complications and sequelae. Literature examining otitis media in early childhood and subsequent development of atopic disease is sparse despite there being vast literature on the association between respiratory infections and atopic disease. Current data support the hypothesis that otitis media infections in early life, especially frequent or severe infections, influence the developing i...
Treatment of Acute Otitis Media in Young Children.
Although acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most common pediatric problems, the debate over treatment, especially in young children, continues. The 2004 Guideline on treatment of AOM stated that observation without antimicrobial therapy was an option for selected children 6-24 months of age with AOM. Two recent randomized trials sought to determine the necessity of antimicrobial treatment in young children; both studies found modest, statistically significant, positive effects of treatment. However, the...
Rationale and Feasibility of Intranasal Delivery of Drugs to the Eustachian Tube Orifice.
Intranasal medication for eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) is an established practice in otolaryngology through the effects of steroids, decongestants, antihistamines or a combination of the above in reducing tubal oedema. The author has previously argued that a double-blind, randomised control trial would be helpful in determining effectiveness of treatment, if a standardised head position, chiefly Mygind or Ragan, was adopted to maximise intranasal drop delivery into the eustachian tube orifice. One rece...
Allergen Component Testing for Food Allergy: Ready for Prime Time?
Food allergies can cause life-threatening reactions and greatly influence quality of life. Accurate diagnosis of food allergies is important to avoid serious allergic reactions and prevent unnecessary dietary restrictions, but can be difficult. Skin prick testing (SPT) and serum food-specific IgE (sIgE) levels are extremely sensitive testing options, but positive test results to tolerated foods are not uncommon. Allergen component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) have the potential to provide a more accurate asse...
Current Strategies in Treating Severe Contact Dermatitis in Pediatric Patients.
Allergic contact dermatitis in children is underdiagnosed and undertreated, and its incidence is increasing. Appropriate history taking and the suspicion for allergic contact dermatitis is essential, and patch testing remains the gold standard in diagnosis. Avoidance of the offending allergen, once identified, is the first goal of treatment. Medical therapies include topical corticosteroid and topical immunomodulators. In severe cases, oral corticosteroids or immunomodulators are utilized, although prospect...
This literature review analyzed technological interventions in the adolescent asthmatic population. A PubMed search was performed with terms of asthma, adolescents, social media, Internet, website, mobile phone, text messaging, SMS, Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, and Technology during a 2.5-year period and identified 64 abstracts. Three studies fulfilled the criteria for adolescent intervention using Internet-based sites but did not provide evidence for effectiveness. Two studies focused on mobile technology....
Pathogenesis of Food Allergy in the Pediatric Patient.
In the US and other developed countries, food allergy is a growing epidemic in pediatric populations with a substantial impact on health-related quality of life. As such, there are great efforts underway to unravel the mechanisms of oral mucosal tolerance and to better define the factors related to host and allergen exposure that contribute to the aberrant immune response leading to sensitization and clinical food allergy. Although more research is needed to eventually develop targeted treatment and prevent...
A New Model for Environmental Assessment and Exposure Reduction.
Environmental assessment and exposure reduction are a set of diagnostic and treatment techniques that work in tandem with the traditional medical approach by reducing a patient's exposure to adverse environmental conditions as part of medical care. Assessment involves identifying the specific exposures to which a patient is sensitive and locating the corresponding contaminants in the patient's environment. This provides a more complete diagnostic evaluation of a patient's problem than could be obtained mere...
Medical Causation and Expert Testimony: Allergists at this Intersection of Medicine and Law.
Clinical practice always necessitates proper diagnosis and correct treatment. For most clinical fields, determining the cause of the illness is irrelevant to the intervention. An oncologist, for example, has no need to explore the "cause" of the patient's lymphoma. Allergists, by contrast, have tools and the need to examine the relevant allergen which is the putative "cause" of the patient's allergic symptomatology. In the context of a legal claim, the "cause" of the symptoms or disorder is central, because...
Role of Viruses in the Development of Atopic Disease in Pediatric Patients.
The prevalence of atopic diseases continues to rise in modernized countries, without a clear explanation for this increase. One potential cause identified from epidemiologic studies of children is respiratory RNA viral infections leading to development of recurrent wheezing, asthma, and allergic sensitization. We review human epidemiologic data that both support and refute the role of viruses in this process. Exploring recent murine models, we document possible immunologic mechanisms that could translate a...
