PubMed Journal Database | Current medical research and opinion 
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For example view all recent relevant publications on Epigenetics and associated publications and clincial trials.
Showing PubMed Articles 1–25 of 270 from Current medical research and opinion
Abstract Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurobiological disorder with childhood onset and persistence into adolescence and adulthood. Methods: Our literature review reports scientific publications and guidelines on the treatment of adult ADHD, with a particular focus on European countries, identified by literature searches in Medline and Embase. The final literature search was performed in July 2012, incorporating literature from 1974 to 2012. The primary research p...
Abstract Background: Adequate bowel preparation prior to colonic diagnostic procedures is essential to ensure adequate visualisation. Scope: This consensus aims to provide guidance as to the appropriate use of bowel preparation for a range of defined clinical circumstances. A consensus group from across Europe was convened and met to discuss appropriate bowel preparation. The use of polyethylene glycol (PEG), sodium picosulphate and sodium phosphate (NaP), together with other agents, prokinetics and simethi...
Clostridium difficile infection in children: a comprehensive review.
Abstract Objective: To provide a comprehensive review of the literature relating to Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infection (CDI) in the pediatric population. Methods: Two investigators conducted independent searches of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus until March 31st, 2013. All databases were searched using the terms 'Clostridium difficile infection', 'Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea' 'antibiotic associated diarrhea', 'C. difficile', in combination with 'pediatric' and 'paediatric'. Art...
Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of linagliptin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled by metformin and sulphonylurea. Research design and methods: Data for a pre-defined Chinese subgroup who participated in a Phase III randomised, placebo-controlled, 24 week trial (NCT00602472) were analysed. The primary endpoint was change in HbA1c from baseline to 24 weeks. Apart from safety endpoints, secondary endpoints included changes in FPG and measur...
Background: The presence of midline-shift on neuroradiologic studies in brain tumor patients represents mass effect from the tumor and surrounding edema. We hypothesized that baseline cerebral edema as measured by midline shift would increase postoperative nausea (PON). We studied the incidence of PON in brain tumor patients, with and without midline shift on preoperative magnetic resonance (MRI) or computed tomographic (CT) imaging, undergoing awake craniotomy. Methods: After IRB approval, we retrospective...
Background: Benign and malignant brain tumors have different histopathological characteristics, including different degrees of tissue infiltration and inflammatory response. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the incidence of postoperative nausea between the two categories of brain tumors in patients undergoing awake craniotomy. Methods: After IRB approval, we retrospectively extracted data from perioperative records between January, 2005 and December, 2010. Patients were divided based on th...
Venous thromboembolism management: where do novel anticoagulants fit?
Abstract Objective: To review novel oral anticoagulant (NOAC) trials in the treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and the possible use of risk-stratification tools to guide their use in practice. Scope: MEDLINE and Cochrane databases were searched to identify relevant journal articles published from January 1982 to February 2013. Additional references were obtained from articles extracted during the database search. Findings: NOACs have been developed to optimize VTE management and overcome the limitati...
Neurogenic bladder and disc disease:A brief review.
Abstract Objective Neurogenic bladder refers to morphofunctional alterations of bladder-sphincter complex secondary to central or peripheral neurological lesions. Discal etiology can be suggested by clinical observation in patients complaining classical lower back pain, but not excluded even without musculoskeletal pain. This review provides a brief overview of associations between neurogenic bladder and disc disease, analyzing neuroanatomy, pathophysiology, clinical and urodynamic findings. Therapy is revi...
Abstract Objectives: In this observational study, data on the efficacy, effects on quality of life and the tolerability of the topical formulation SNS01 (Ectoin Rhinitis nasal spray 1 ) were compared to those of BNO-101 (Sinupret forte dragées 2 ) in patients with acute rhinosinusitis in the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) clinical setting. Design and Methods: Patients with the diagnosis of acute rhinosinusitis were included in this non-interventional study with a treatment duration of 14-16 days. They receive...
Abstract Objective: To assess the time from the first observed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) to initiation of an oral antihyperglycemic agent (OAHA) and statin. Methods: In a retrospective US cohort study using the GE electronic medical record database, patients ≥18 years were included if they had a T2DM diagnosis between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2005 (index period), had a last pre-index HbA1c value ≥7%, and had not received antihyperglycemic agents within one year prior to diagnosis (inde...
Abstract Background: The different operational definitions of breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) has generated unclear epidemiological data. Methods: A consecutive sample of patients was categorized on the basis of their background pain intensity, background analgesic treatment, and the presence of BTcP. Results: A total of 265 patients were surveyed; 117 patients had background pain and 91 patients presented peaks of pain intensity distinguishable from background pain. Of 117 patients with background pain, 49...
Beyond gout: uric acid and cardiovascular diseases.
Abstract Objectives: This article discusses the results of clinical and experimental studies that examine the association of hyperuricemia and gout with cardiovascular (CV) disease. Methods: Key papers for inclusion were identified by a PubMed search, and articles were selected for their relevance to the topic, according to the authors' judgment. Results and conclusions: Significant progress has been made in confirming an association, possibly causal, between hyperuricemia and CV outcomes. Xantine-oxidase (...
Serum uric acid and metabolic risk.
Abstract Objectives: This review presents the information available on the role of uric acid (UA) on metabolic risk and on the link between hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome. Methods: Key papers for inclusion were identified by a PubMed search and articles were selected according to their relevance for the topic, according to the authors' judgment. Results and conclusions: An elevated UA is both strongly associated and predictive of the metabolic syndrome, and increasing evidence suggests that UA may hav...
Abstract Objective: To compare the reduction in calculated Framingham 10 year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk after 52 weeks' intervention with a proactive multifactorial intervention (PMI) strategy (based on single-pill amlodipine/atorvastatin [SPAA]) versus continuing usual care (UC) (based on investigators' best clinical judgment) among younger (
Abstract Objective: This post-hoc analysis was conducted to investigate if safety outcomes differed among race/ethnic subgroups of patients treated with duloxetine for chronic painful conditions. Research design and methods: Pooled data from 15 placebo-controlled clinical trials were used to compare the safety outcomes of duloxetine among patients of Caucasian, Hispanic, Asian, and Black race/ethnic origins. Patients were randomized to receive placebo (n = 2199) or duloxetine (n = 3148) for treatmen...
Complexities in the pharmacologic management of osteoarthritis pain.
Abstract Objective: To discuss challenges in the pharmacologic management of osteoarthritis (OA) pain. Scope: Literature searches through MEDLINE and Cochrane databases were used to identify relevant journal articles. The search was limited to articles published from January 1982 to January 2013. Additional references were obtained from articles extracted during the database search. Findings: Pharmacologic management of OA is aimed at alleviating pain and reducing functional impairment. Limitations of the m...
Abstract Objective: To describe dosing patterns of etanercept, adalimumab, and infliximab in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in US managed care. Methods: This retrospective analysis included adult (18-64 years) RA patients in the HealthCore Integrated Research Database with ≥1 claim for etanercept, adalimumab, or infliximab between 7/1/2007 and 1/31/2010. Patients had 6 months pre-index and 12 months post-index claim eligibility. Patients without any TNF blocker claim during the pre-index period were c...
Abstract Objectives: The aim of this exploratory study was to assess the conversion ratios between tapentadol and other opioids in patients requiring an opioid switching. Methods: A prospective study was carried out in a convenience sample of consecutive patients admitted to an acute palliative care unit and a home care unit for a period of one year. Patients who were switched from/to tapentadol were selected. The initial ratio between tapentadol and other opioids, expressed as oral morphine equivalents was...
Abstract Introduction: This study compared progression, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and treatment changes among chronic myelogenous leukemia patients in chronic phase (CML-CP) receiving nilotinib or dasatinib as second-line therapy. Patients and methods: Information on CML-CP patients switched from imatinib to nilotinib or dasatinib as second-line therapy was collected retrospectively from 122 US hematologists and oncologists through an online medical chart review. Progression, P...
Abstract The capsaicin 8% cutaneous patch is an emergent new treatment option for patients with peripheral neuropathic pain. In randomized controlled clinical studies relevant pain relief for 12 weeks was achieved in about one third of patients following a single application. The first part of this paper is a review of the pathophysiology, pharmacology, and published clinical trials with the capsaicin 8% cutaneous patch. The second part reports on outcomes of an interdisciplinary expert workshop, where new...
Prevalence of gastroprotective agent (GPA) use in adults with arthritis in the United States.
Abstract Objective: The prevalence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and concurrent gastroprotective agent (GPA) use in the US is not known. As such, the prevalence of GPA use among arthritis patients taking NSAIDs was examined. Methods: Men and women aged ≥40 with self-reported arthritis and members of a web-based community panel were invited via e-mail to participate in a web survey. Interested panelists consented and completed the survey. Participants using NSAIDs in the last 30 days were...
Abstract Objective: To evaluate final preference and ease-of-use attributes of two reusable pen injectors, HPS (HumaPen Savvio * ) and HPL (HumaPen Luxura (†) ), in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Research design and methods: This was a 1 day, randomized, two-period crossover, open-label, simulated-injection study in 203 pen-naïve subjects (mean age 58.4 years). Main outcome measures: Functional and ease-of-use attributes of insulin pen injectors were evaluated using a 16-item survey (7 point scal...
Abstract Objective: A post hoc analysis of data from the adalimumab Crohn's disease (CD) maintenance trial (CHARM, NCT00077779), examining the relationship between adalimumab dosing and maintenance of remission and response in subgroups stratified by previous anti-TNF use and baseline CRP. Methods: All patients received open-label induction (adalimumab: 80 mg, week [wk] 0; 40 mg, wk 2). At wk 4, all patients were randomized to double-blind maintenance adalimumab (40 mg weekly or every other week [eow]...
Abstract Objective: A proactive, multifactorial intervention strategy incorporating single-pill amlodipine/atorvastatin (SPAA) (5-10/10 mg up-titrated to 5-10/20 mg, where approved) is more effective than physician's usual care (UC) for reducing calculated 10 year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, in patients with hypertension and additional risk factors (CRUCIAL trial: Curr Med Res Opin 2011;27:821--33). As SPAA combinations containing atorvastatin 20 mg are not approved in some countries, this post...
Abstract Objective. To assess the impact of a serum-based proteomic test for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) on physician treatment recommendations. Research design and methods. A multivariate, serum-based proteomic test (VeriStrat 1 ) is commercially available to assist physicians when determining treatment using epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor (EGFRi) therapy, such as erlotinib (Tarceva 2 ), by stratifying patients into two categories: those with significantly better ("good") and those with...
