PubMed Journal Database | Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 
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Showing PubMed Articles 1–25 of 89 from Ecotoxicology and environmental safety
Functional neurotoxicity of Mn-containing nanoparticles in rats.
Airborne metal-containing particles represent a known source of health risk but the role of nano-sized particles in the pathogenicity of dust has been recognized only recently. As a model of inhalational exposure to manganese, adult male Wistar rats were treated with a suspension of MnO(2) nanoparticles of ca. 23nm diameter, instilled into the trachea for 3, 6, and 9 weeks in daily doses of 2.63 and 5.26mg Mn/kg, and endpoints of functional neurotoxicity (open field behavior and electrophysiology) and gener...
The DR-H4IIE.Luc bioassay is based on the ability of dioxin and dioxin-like contaminants to activate the AhR and its signal transduction pathway, a mechanism through which these contaminants elicit their toxic effects. The bioassay was used to examine the total dioxin-equivalent (TEQ) toxicity in gonads and livers of cod females from the southern Baltic Sea. The bioassay-derived TEQ-luc was measured after 24-h and 48-h exposure periods. Mean concentrations in the 24-h bioassay were 95 and 35pg TEQ-lucg(-1)...
Use of a modified Allium test with nanoTiO(2).
Extensive production and wide application of TiO(2) nanoparticles has stimulated research on its potential biological effects on different groups of organisms but the interaction of TiO(2) nanoparticles with higher plants remains poorly understood. We have studied the effect of TiO(2) nanoparticles on Allium cepa using a modification of the conventional Allium test with nanoparticles suspended in distilled water as opposed to growth medium. Nanoparticulate TiO(2) was found to have low toxic potential and th...
Formation of organometallic complexes in soil solution strongly influence metals phytoavailability. However, only few studies deal with the influence of metal speciation both on plant uptake and genotoxicity. In the present study, Vicia faba seedlings were exposed for 6h in controlled hydroponic conditions to 5μM of lead nitrate alone and chelated to varying degrees by different organic ligands. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and citric acid were, respectively, chosen as models of humic substances and low...
Effects of long-term cadmium exposure on growth and metabolomic profile of tomato plants.
The response of tomato plants to long-term cadmium exposure was evaluated after a 90-days long culture in hydroponic conditions (0, 20, and 100μM CdCl(2)). Cadmium preferentially accumulated in roots, and to a lower extent in upper parts of plants. Absolute quantification of 28 metabolites was obtained through (1)H NMR, HPLC-PDA, and colorimetric methods. The principal component analysis showed a clear separation between control and Cd treated samples. Proline and total ascorbate amounts were reduced in Cd...
Relations between several stress oxidative biomarkers and aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations have been studied in wild sole, Solea senegalensis collected in the vicinity of a petrochemical industry. Antioxidant enzyme activities in eco-toxicological studies constitute excellent markers for exposure to a large variety of pollutants. The 16 PAHs in sediment as well as oxidative damage (LPO), activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathion...
Toxicity tests with aquatic organisms constitute an effective tool in the evaluation, prediction and detection of the potential effect of pollutants from environmental samples in living organisms. Vinasse, a highly colored effluent, is a sub-product rich in nutrients, mainly organic matter, with high pollutant potential when disposed in the environment. Assays for vinasse decolorization were performed using the fungus Pleurotus sajor-caju CCB020 in vinasse biodegradation study, were occurred reductions of 8...
Effects of binary mixtures on the life traits of Daphnia magna.
The environment is constantly exposed to a cocktail of contaminants mainly due to human activities. Because polluted ecosystems are characterized by an amalgam of chemical compounds, the objective of the present study was to assess the joint effect of chemical mixtures to the life-history traits of Daphnia magna Straus. For that a binary mixture of two neonicotinoid insecticides, imidacloprid and thiacloprid, and another one of imidacloprid with nickel chloride were tested. Theoretical models have been deve...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the health status of the comparatively tolerant fish Carassius carassius over three seasons in an area characterized by spontaneous human activities. Sites near the springs of a river (site Z) and downstream of a river (site B) in Western Ukraine were selected. According to the centroid grouping analysis, the biochemical and morphological indices allowed the fish to be distinguished according to season more than to site. The level of nuclear abnormalities was low in fis...
In an effort to identify and quantify important volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from sports beverage containers commonly used for storage and distribution, three brands of sports beverages with poly ethylene terephthalate (PET) and metal cans were analyzed through headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Out of 80 volatile compounds identified from all container types, I-limonene recorded the highest concentration (34.3-118pmolmol(-1)) along with...
Fish embryo toxicity of carbamazepine, diclofenac and metoprolol.
Frequently measured pharmaceuticals in environmental samples were tested in fish embryo toxicity (FET) tests with Danio rerio, based on the draft OECD test protocol. In this FET test 2-h-old zebrafish embryos were exposed for 72h to carbamazepine, diclofenac and metoprolol to observe effects on embryo mortality, gastrulation, somite formation, tail movement and detachment, pigmentation, heartbeat, malformation of head, otoliths and heart, scoliosis, deformity of yolk, and hatching success at 24, 48 and 72h....
The toxicity of four polluted sediments and their corresponding reference sediments from three European river basins were investigated using a battery of six sediment contact tests representing three different trophic levels. The tests included were chronic tests with the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum, a sub-chronic test with the midge Chironomus riparius, an early life stage test with the zebra fish Danio rerio, and an acut...
The mechanism of lead-inhibitory effects on seed germination and seedling growth was investigated in wheat cv. Xihan 2 subjected to different Pb(NO(3))(2) concentrations. High concentrations of lead and exogenous H(2)O(2) significantly inhibited seed germination and the growth of roots and shoots. Dimethylthiourea, catalase or diphenylene iodonium could reverse lead-inhibitory effects on seed germination. Significant elevated H(2)O(2) generation was observed in germinating seeds exposed to lead. Analysis us...
This study investigated the acute and sub-lethal toxicities of waterborne mercuric chloride to Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) embryos and larvae. Acute toxicity tests indicated that the 48-h LC(50) values of mercury to the embryos and larvae were 48.1 (32.8-63.6) and 99.4 (72.9-147.0)μgL(-1), respectively. Mercury could cause low hatching success, delayed hatching process, reduced growth at concentrations ≥20μgL(-1), and induce reduced survival and higher morphological malformations at conce...
The rhizospheric soils of three tested legume crops: broad beans (Vicia faba), beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (Pisum sativum), and two nonlegume crops: cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and tomato, (Lycopersicon esculentum) contained considerable numbers (the magnitude of 10(5)g(-1) soil) of bacteria with the combined potential for hydrocarbon-utilization and mercury-resistance. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA coding genes of rhizobacteria associated with broad beans revealed that they were affiliated to Citrobacte...
Formulation of water-dispersible nanopermethrin for larvicidal applications.
The formulation of water dispersible nanopermethrin was investigated for its larvicidal property. Nanopermethrin was prepared using solvent evaporation of oil in water microemulsion, which was obtained by mixing an organic and aqueous phase. The mean particle size of nanodispersion in water was 151±27nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) of nanopermethrin showed it was amorphous. Larvicidal studies were carried out against Culex quinquefasciatus and the results were compared with bulk permethrin. The LC(50) of nanop...
This study concerns a comparative analysis of the acridine orange and Giemsa staining procedures for the fish erythrocyte micronucleus assay. The goal was to optimize the assay in the context of field water monitoring. Fish (Carassius carassius) were exposed to a reference genotoxic agent, cyclophosphamide monohydrate 5mgl(-1) for 2, 4, and 6 days before testing. Slides from each individual were scored using the two procedures. The results show that the assay was more sensitive when acridine orange was used...
A biomonitoring technique with terrestrial moss transplants (50 sampling sites in a regular grid) was used in an area of the city of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, close to an oil refinery and to an area of dense road traffic for a period of 2 months. The concentration of metals and metalloids (As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb and V) and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined. The density distribution was represented, the enrichment factors calculated and multifactorial analysis applied. In addition, contami...
We compared a novel PSII-biosensor assay with a standard algal growth inhibition test for detection of photosynthetic herbicides-diuron, atrazine and isoproturon in liquid samples. To evaluate the convenience and sensitivity, values of the parameters EC50 and LOD and the duration of assays were compared. The biosensor assay was made with an electrochemical biosensor toxicity analyser with immobilised Photosystem II (PSII) complex. Using the PSII-biosensor assay, higher sensitivity (LOD) to herbicides (10(-8...
The influence of gastrointestinal parasitism on fecal elimination of doramectin, in lambs.
A study was done to investigate the effect of parasitism on patterns of doramectin (DRM) fecal elimination in lambs. Fourteen Suffolk Down parasitized lambs (26.9±1.5kg body weight: bw) were purposely selected for the study. Seven pairs of lambs were allocated into two experimental groups. Group I (non-parasitized) was pre-treated with 3 repeated administrations of 5mg/kgbw of fenbendazole to maintain a non-parasitized condition. In Group II (parasitized), the lambs did not receive any anthelmintic treatme...
Several xenobiotics or their metabolites have redox-cycling properties and potential to induce oxidative stress and DNA damage. The current work aimed to study, under environmental conditions, oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)) and its association with chromosomal damage measured as erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENAs), in Liza aurata and Dicentrarchus labrax, caught at a costal lagoon (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal) having sites with different contamination profiles. The quantified...
Copper is an essential element for proper functioning of all living organisms including plants, but it can cause toxicity at elevated concentrations. In the present study, two varieties of Brassica juncea L. i.e. Pusa JK and TM 4 grown axenically were compared for Cu tolerance and accumulation ability. For further detailed biochemical studies, var. TM 4 was used because of its fast growth and better Cu accumulation in shoots. Toxic effects of Cu were manifested by a reduction in photosynthetic pigments and...
Bioassays measuring the induction of vitellogenin gene expression in male fish are widely used for revealing estrogenic activity in water samples. Measuring induction of vitellogenin mRNA in males by means of RT-PCR analysis is a sensitive way to detect exposure to estrogenic chemicals. To date, little work has been done to examine variations in exposure conditions for assessing estrogenic activity in water samples using this model system. Here we report the results of experiments investigating the effects...
Effects of the fungicide azoxystrobin on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) smolt.
Atlantic salmon smolts were exposed to three doses of the fungicide azoxystrobin for 4 days, and physiological blood parameters and transcriptional effects in liver and muscle were evaluated in search for potential negative effects. Azoxystrobin exposure mediated up-regulation of catalase, MAPK1 and IGFBP1 in liver tissue. Catalase, transferrin, IGFBP1 and TNFR were up-regulated and CYP1A down-regulated in muscle tissue. Blood parameters glucose, hematocrit, pCO(2), HCO(3) and pH grouped together with trans...
Methoprene is a pesticide widely used for mosquito control. It is an endocrine disruptor, acting as an analog of juvenile hormone. While targeting insect larvae, it also impacts non-target animals including crustaceans. Anecdotal reports suggested that methoprene has unintended effects on adult arthropods. Earlier, we documented effects in adult lobsters at the metabolic and gene expression levels. In this study we have documented morphologic corollaries to our prior observations. We examined the light and...
