PubMed Journal Database | Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape 
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Showing PubMed Articles 1–25 of 59 from Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape
Epilepsy and anxiety: epidemiology, classification, aetiology, and treatment.
Anxiety in epilepsy has recently become a focus of interest for a number of reasons. Epidemiological studies have established that anxiety disorders are twice as common in patients with epilepsy compared to the general population, while in referral centres their prevalence is even higher. In addition, it has been recently appreciated that anxiety exerts a significant negative impact on the quality of life of patients with epilepsy of any age. With regard to the pathogenesis of anxiety in epilepsy, a number...
Animal models to study aetiopathology of epilepsy: what are the features to model?
In order to understand the physiopathology of epilepsies and develop antiepileptic drugs, animal models have been developed. These models appear to be valuable predictors of treatment efficacy; however, several of the currently used models remain questionable and probably inappropriate for the search for new treatments, in particular for epilepsies that cannot be treated by current antiepileptic drugs. In the present review, we report the results of a recent survey conducted by neurologists in charge of an...
Vivid recollection of a past traumatic event: a rare manifestation of temporal lobe seizures.
Vivid recollection of a particular past memory is a rare ictal phenomenon in temporal lobe epilepsy. When the memory is traumatic, the presentation may mimic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We report a woman with temporal lobe epilepsy who was misdiagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder for two years before she had a suspected generalised seizure; video-EEG monitoring confirmed that her episodes were epileptic. Adequate treatment with an antiepileptic medication resulted in total resolution of t...
Animal models of drug-resistant epilepsy.
Several animal models are discussed in order to outline features of difficult-to-treat or drug-resistant epilepsy. These models can be categorised as those which show a poor response to different antiepileptic drugs and those in which subgroups of drug-resistant animals are selected, based on interindividual differences. Non-responders to antiepileptic drugs have been described in the amygdala kindling model, as well as the chronic phase of post-status epilepticus models. Epileptic dogs which do not respond...
Patient and physician preferences: impact on treatment effectiveness.
The greater reliability of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) over non-randomised studies to objectively assess efficacy and/or safety of new therapeutic interventions is one of the main paradigms which sustains the evidence-based decision process in clinical practice. This assumption is primarily based on the hypothesis that randomisation, and particularly blinding procedure, drastically reduces the potential bias related to the preferences of patients and physicians. However, from non-randomised studies...
Of 47 patients with onset of intractable partial seizures and temporal lobe MRI lesions, subjected to presurgical evaluation and temporal lobe surgery, we identified eight (mean age: 24 years; range: 7-52 years) demonstrating surface interictal and/or ictal EEG features suggestive of an extratemporal localisation. All eight patients underwent surgery aiming to predominantly resect the lesion, without extending to the extratemporal region. The patients were prospectively followed (mean follow-up duration: 38...
Late-onset epileptic spasms may be cured by focal cortical resective surgery.
We report the case of a child with isolated late-onset epileptic spasms who significantly improved after focal frontal cortectomy. Clusters of axial and limb tonic contractions with head nodding began at 2 years of age. They occurred only during sleep, lasting 15 to 20 minutes and were pharmacoresistant. The child suffered slight mental delay. Interictal EEG showed left frontal spikes in slow sleep. Ictal video-EEG showed patterns of asymmetric spasms. MRI revealed a distinct white matter abnormality in the...
Epilepsy and mental retardation limited to females (EFMR) is a genetic disorder that affects females but spares transmitting males. The condition is caused by protocadherin 19 mutations and is characterised by seizures beginning at around 1 year of age, frequently associated with cognitive regression at seizure onset or later. Seizures can be generalised or focal, exacerbated by febrile illnesses, and grouped in clusters. This report shows the first video-EEG recording of EFMR, in a 7-year-old female presen...
Psychogenic gelastic seizures in a patient with hypothalamic hamartoma.
Gelastic seizures are classically associated with hypothalamic hamartoma. The most effective treatment for gelastic epilepsy is surgery, although confirming that a hypothalamic hamartoma is an epileptic lesion prior to surgical intervention is challenging. Here, we report the case of a patient with a hypothalamic hamartoma who was diagnosed with psychogenic non-epileptic gelastic seizures using video-EEG monitoring. [Published with video sequences].
Involuntary movements after correction of vitamin B12 deficiency: a video-case report.
Involuntary movements can appear before and after initiation of vitamin B12 treatment. The pathogenesis of involuntary movements in vitamin B12 deficiency and their relationship with cobalamin injection remain unclear due to a lack of video-EEG documentation making the electroclinical correlation difficult to ascertain. Here, we report video-EEG and neuroimaging findings of an 11-month-old girl with vitamin B12 deficiency, who acutely developed involuntary movements a few days after initiation of vitamin...
Gelastic seizures in ring chromosome 20 syndrome: a case report with video illustration.
Although increasingly recognised, ring chromosome 20 (r[20]) syndrome is still diagnosed with delay, sometimes leading to inappropriate presurgical evaluation. The focal, presumed frontal, character of the seizures manifesting with fear and hypermotor behaviour and episodes of non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) are most typical, as well as cognitive impairment with behavioural problems and, sometimes, dysmorphic signs. We present a girl diagnosed at the age of 13 years who suffered from an atypical c...
Are proprioceptive-induced reflex seizures epileptically-enhanced stretch reflex manifestations?
In reflex seizures induced by proprioceptive stimuli, the activated network may be identified as a single anatomo-functional circuit; the sensory-motor network. These seizures may be considered as epileptically-enhanced stretch reflexes. Proprioceptive reflex epilepsies are a good example of the so-called "system epilepsies". We present three cases discussing the clinical features of such epilepsies. [Published with videosequences].
Carbamazepine-induced non-epileptic myoclonus and tic-like movements.
Carbamazepine-induced abnormal movements have been reported in children and adult patients, and both non-epileptic myoclonus and tic-like movements have been reported in the same patient. Although a pathogenetic mechanism underlying carbamazepine-induced epileptic negative myoclonus has been proposed, a causative role of carbamazepine for positive myoclonus has not been fully identified. Here, we describe the video-documented case of an adult patient with non-epileptic myoclonus and tic-like movements persi...
Late-onset temporal lobe epilepsy in a patient with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.
We report a patient with longstanding, severe juvenile myoclonic epilepsy who subsequently developed features of temporal lobe epilepsy, which gradually became clinically dominant. Over the years, there was an electrographic evolution from the typical generalised epileptiform patterns, characteristic of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, to the novel appearance of interictal temporal spikes immediately preceding bisynchronous discharges, and subsequently to temporal intermittent rhythmic delta activity and tempor...
Topiramate and temporal lobe epilepsy: an open-label study.
Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of topiramate (TPM) as monotherapy for patients with temporal lobe epileptic seizures based on an observational study. Methods. We evaluated 41 patients (20 female, mean age 54+18 years) with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) referred to the Epilepsy Unit, University of Catanzaro, Italy. Patients received TPM as monotherapy directly or after having taken other antiepileptic drugs. Seizure frequency changes and adverse events were recorded. Follow-up was condu...
Late-onset Lennox-Gastaut syndrome as a phenotype of 15q11.1q13.3 duplication.
The clinical symptoms associated with chromosome 15q duplication syndrome manifest through a heterogeneous group of symptoms characterised by hypotonia, delay in motor skills and language development, cognitive and learning disabilities, autism spectrum disorder and refractory epilepsy. The late development of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in patients with 15q11q13 duplication is a possibility that physicians should be aware of. We report the case of a 27-year-old man with a neurodevelopmental syndrome due to a 1...
Late-onset, praxis-induced myoclonic epilepsy.
Praxis-induction of seizures is an interesting subset of reflex epilepsy in which seizures are induced by higher mental activities associated with the use of part of the body. Reflex traits have often been described in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. We report a patient presenting with praxis-induced myoclonic epilepsy at a late age. Ictal myoclonus was triggered by building a bird house and captured by video-polygraphic EEG recording. At 39 years old, the patient's age at onset of epilepsy was...
Gaucher disease: successful treatment of myoclonic status epilepticus with levetiracetam.
We present the first reported case of a rapid clinical and electroencephalographic response to intravenous levetiracetam infusion of myoclonic status epilepticus in a patient with progressive myoclonus epilepsy due to Gaucher disease. Under continuous video-EEG monitoring, the clinical myoclonic status and the electrographic ictal discharges resolved within 10 minutes after the infusion was initiated. The patient tolerated the treatment well without any reported side effects. This case suggests that levetir...
Transcallosal endoscopic resection of hypothalamic hamartoma in a case with Pallister-Hall syndrome.
Pallister-Hall syndrome (PHS) is a very rare syndrome characterized by hypothalamic hamartoma (HH), polydactyly, panhypopituitarism, imperforate anus and other visceral anomalies. Contrary to patients with isolated HH, neurological dysfunction and precocious puberty are uncommon and seizures are usually well controlled with anticonvulsant medication. Therefore, conservative management of HH is advised. To the best of our knowledge, seven cases of PHS with surgical resection of the HH have so far been report...
Epilepsy Surgery for Remote Symptomatic Epilepsies.
Video atlas of lateralising and localising seizure phenomena.
The detailed analysis of seizure semiology is an essential tool for diagnosing epileptic patients and is particularly important in the evaluation of patients considered for epilepsy surgery. The meticulous clinical observation of epileptic seizures provides information about the localisation and lateralisation of the symptomatogenic zone. Here, we present a video atlas showing a variety of ictal and postictal localising and lateralising phenomena. [Published with video sequences].
Shaking body attacks: a new type of benign non-epileptic attack in infancy.
Non-epileptic attacks represent a heterogeneous group of clinical entities which frequently pose a challenge for the differential diagnosis of epilepsy. This is particularly the case when motor manifestations are the main clinical features. For the large majority of patients, such motor manifestations have a benign course. A correct diagnosis is important to avoid inappropriate investigations, unnecessary therapy, and parental anxiety. Here, a previously unreported form of non-epileptic attacks with infanti...
Recurrent occipital seizures misdiagnosed as status migrainosus.
Periictal headache is commonly reported in patients with epilepsy and often exhibits migraine features. Misdiagnosis is frequent since visual seizures may often be misinterpreted as visual aura of migraine. We herein describe a 35-year-old woman with recurrent occipital seizures, clinically presenting with intractable headache. EEG monitoring was crucial in order to reach the correct diagnosis.
Infliximab-related seizures: a first case study.
Seizures following infliximab treatment are very rare and, to date, there is no detailed description of EEG abnormalities with cerebral radiological findings reported in cases with infliximab-related seizures. We describe a patient who acutely developed seizures temporally related to infliximab treatment, which disappeared after drug withdrawal. MRI showed encephalopathy involving mainly cortical regions and EEGs showed focal paroxysmal activity which completely disappeared a few days after infliximab withd...
