PubMed Journal Database | Free radical research 
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Showing PubMed Articles 1–25 of 163 from Free radical research
Current knowledge on oxidative stress in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion.
ABSTRACT Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury associated with hepatic resections and liver transplantation remains a serious complication in clinical practice, despite several attempts to solve the problem. The redox balance, which is pivotal for normal function and integrity of tissues, is dysregulated during I/R, leading to an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Formation of ROS and oxidant stress are the disease mechanisms most commonly invoked in hepatic I/R injury. The present review examines p...
The role of melatonin as an antioxidant in human lens epithelial cells.
Abstract Oxidative stress plays a significant role in cataracts pathophyiology and also known to affect the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway. This well-documented pathway is involved in protecting against apoptosis-inducing insults, including oxidative stress. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine), the major secretory product of the pineal gland, was identified as a powerful free radical scavenger and a broad-spectrum antioxidant that defends against various ox...
Impairment of calcium ATPases by high glucose and potential pharmacological protection.
Abstract The review deals with impairment of Ca(2+)-ATPases by high glucose or its derivatives in vitro, as well as in human diabetes and experimental animal models. Acute increases in glucose level strongly correlate with oxidative stress. Dysfunction of Ca(2+)-ATPases in diabetic and in some cases even in nondiabetic conditions may result in nitration of tyrosines-294,295 and in irreversible modification of cysteine-674. Nonenyzmatic protein glycation might lead to alteration of Ca(2+)-ATPase structure an...
Abstract Crohn's disease (CD) is a nonspecific, chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. It is supposed that in etiopathogenesis oxidative stress plays a role. However, its precise role in the active and non-active state of disease is not known yet. We conducted a pilot study focusing on the relationship between oxidative stress of Crohn´s disease in remission and the possibility to influence clinical parameters and markers of oxidative stress by polyphenolic extract, Pycnogenol(®). Com...
Oxidative Stress and APO E polymorphysms in Alzheimer's disease and in Mild Cognitive Impairment.
Abstract A number of evidences indicates oxidative stress as relevant pathogenic factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Considering its recognized major genetic risk factors in AD, apolipoprotein (APO E) was been investigated in several experimental settings regarding its role in the process of reactive oxygen species generation. The aim of this work has been to evaluate possible relationships between APO E genotype and plasma levels of selectred oxidative stress markers in...
Abstract Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma has recently gained attention in the field of biomedical and clinical applications. In the area of plasma medicine research one promising approach is to promote wound healing by stimulation of cells involved. To understand basic molecular and cellular mechanisms triggered by plasma treatment we investigated biological effects of an argon plasma jet (kinpen) on human epithelial skin cells. For assessment of transcriptome changes cell culture medium was plasma...
Chronic Pancreatitis: Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants.
Abstract Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is characterized by pain, and exocrine and endocrine insufficiency of pancreas. Several hypotheses have been put forwards to explain the hitherto partially understood pathophysiology of CP. In the past decade, animal and clinical studies have suggested that an increased chronic oxidative stress plays a key role in pathophysiology of CP and perpetuating its clinical and histological symptoms (pain, and fibrosis- necrosis, respectively). Mounting oxidative stress in pancreat...
Lowered Nudix type 5 (NUDT5) expression leads to cellular senescence in IMR-90 fibroblast cells.
Abstract The molecule 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoGua), an oxidized form of guanine, can pair with adenine or cytosine during nucleic acid synthesis. RNA sequences that contain 8-oxoGua cause translational errors that lead to the synthesis of abnormal proteins. Human NUDT5, a MutT-related protein, catalyzes the hydrolysis of 8-oxoGDP to 8-oxoGMP, thereby preventing the misincorporation of 8-oxoGua into RNA. To investigate the biological roles of NUDT5 in human fibroblast cells, we established cell lines...
Neurofilaments are the Major Neuronal Target of Hydroxynonenal Mediated Protein Crosslinks.
ABSTRACT Lipid peroxidation generates reactive aldehydes, most notably hydroxynonenal (HNE), which covalently binds amino acid residue side chains leading to protein inactivation and insolubility. Specific adducts of lipid peroxidation have been demonstrated to be intimately associated with pathological lesions of Alzheimer disease (AD), suggesting oxidative stress is a major component in the disease. Here, we examined the HNE-crosslinking modifications by using an antibody specific for a lysine-lysine cros...
Recombinant PTD-Cu/Zn SOD attenuates hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in cardiomyocytes.
Background. Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Increasing the protein expression of intracellular Cu/Zn SOD, which is the major endogenous antioxidant enzyme, may attenuate or prevent hypoxia-reoxygenation injury (HRI) in cultured cardiomyocytes. However, ectogenic Cu/Zn-SOD can hardly be transferred into cells to exert biological effects. In this study, we constructed PTD-Cu/Zn SOD plasmid with a kind of translocation structure-Protein transduction domain (PTD)...
The enzymes γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) have important roles in glutathione (GSH) homeostasis, and both are frequently upregulated after acute oxidative stress. Mitochondria are major producers of ROS, and incubating the colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 cells with mitochondrial uncouplers significantly increased endogenous ROS as well as mRNA for both GGT and GCLC (the catalytic subunit of GCL). However, no elevation in GGT protein or activity was detected, in c...
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is one of the several structurally related proteins, named neurotrophins (NTs), that regulate neuronal survival, development, function, and plasticity. Moreover, NGF is an important activator of antioxidant mechanisms. These NGF functions are mediated by tropomyosin-related kinase receptor A (TrkA). Although NTs and their receptors have been shown to be expressed in visceral tissues, the extent to which NTs are involved in the physiology of visceral tissues is less clear. NGF is th...
N-Acetylcysteine amide: a derivative to fulfill the promises of N-Acetylcysteine.
In the present human health scenario, implication of oxidative stress in numerous pathologies including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, liver, renal, pulmonary disorders, and cancer has gained attention. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), a popular thiol antioxidant, has been clinically used to treat various pathophysiological disorders. However, NAC therapy is routine only in paracetamol intoxication and as a mucolytic agent. Over six decades, numerous studies involving NAC therapy have yielded inconsistent result...
Homocysteine (Hcy) at elevated levels is a putative risk factor for many cardiovascular disorders including atherosclerosis. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Hcy on the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in murine macrophages and the mechanisms involved. Hcy increased the expression of COX-2 mRNA and protein in dose- and time-dependent manners, but did not affect COX-1 expression. Hcy-induced COX-2 expression was attenuated not only by the calcium chelators, EGTA and BAPTA-AM, but also...
Abstract The advanced glycoxidation and lipoxidation end products (AGEs and ALEs) contribute to the development of diabetic complications and development of other pathologies. The review discusses the possibilities of counteracting the formation and stimulating degradation of these species by pharmaceuticals and natural compounds. The review discusses inhibitors of ALEs and AGEs formation, crosslink breakers, ALEs/AGEs elimination by enzymes and proteolytic systems, the receptors for advanced glycation end...
Abstract The etiologies of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) and Ménière's disease remain unclear. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that free radicals are related to the pathology of inner ear disease. Because genetic factors may contribute partly to the etiologies of SSNHL and Ménière's disease, we investigated the association between genetic polymorphisms located in genes related to the free-radical process and susceptibility to SSNHL and Ménière's disease. We comp...
Abstract Ferritin impairment through (•)O2(-), H2O2 and (•)OH production occurs in ketoses, diabetes mellitus, acute intermittent porphyria and tyrosinemia. In addition to (•)Trp and TyrO(•) radical production, ferrous iron liberation and ferritin synthesis stimulation, site-specific oxidation reactions are induced leading to toxic iron accumulation in organs with high ferritin content, e.g., liver and brain. To elucidate potential pathways to ferritin recovery, repair of oxidative damage to horse s...
Abstract Here we focused on suppressive effect of ascorbic acid on changes in mitochondrial function and mutagenesis by the radiation induced bystander effect (RIBE). In mammalian cell lines, medium transfer assay were performed and conditioned medium including secreted factors after X-irradiation were examined to detect the RIBE. We found that the membrane potential and increased levels of superoxide radical (O2(-)) in mitochondria were modulated in cells treated with conditioned medium from irradiated cel...
Claulansine F suppresses apoptosis induced by sodium nitroprusside in PC12 cells.
Reactive oxygen (ROS) species are known to be involved in many neurodegenerative diseases. This study assessed the effect of Claulansine F, a new carbazole isolated from Clausena lansium, on sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-treated rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Firstly, it was found that Claulansine F showed more potential on inhibiting the programmed death of PC12 cells than edaravone by cell viability, morphologic observation and flow cytometric analysis. Further results also showed Claulansine F attenuated...
Several studies have shown that oxidative stress induces apoptosis in many cellular systems including pancreatic acinar cells. However, the exact molecular mechanisms leading to apoptosis remain partially understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of the cytosolic cysteine protease calpain in H2O2-induced apoptosis in pancreatic AR42J cells. Apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometric analysis of sub-G1 DNA populations, electron-microscopic analysis, caspase-3-specific αII-spectrin breakdown, a...
Quercetin and daidzein β-apo-14'-carotenoic acid esters as membrane antioxidants.
Esterification by β-apo-14'-carotenoic acid was found to have opposite effects on antioxidant activity of quercetin (at B4', B3' hydroxyl) as of daidzein (at A7 hydroxyl) in phosphatidylcholine liposomes. The daidzein ester had increased activity, while quercetin had a significant decreased activity. Quantum mechanical calculations using density function theory (DFT) indicate a modest decrease in bond dissociation enthalpy, BDE, for (weakest) hydrogen-oxygen phenolic bond in daidzein from 368.4 kJ·mol(- 1...
Abstract Diabetes mellitus and breast cancer are two important health problems. Type 2 diabetes and obesity are closely linked with both being associated with breast cancer. Despite abundant epidemiological data, there is no definitive evidence regarding the mechanisms responsible for this association. The proposed mechanisms by which diabetes affects breast cancer risk and prognosis are the same as the mechanisms hypothesised for the contribution of obesity to breast cancer risk. The obesity-induced inflam...
Retained low-density lipoproteins (LDL) by arterial glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are more susceptible to reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidation, contributing to oxidative stress and atherosclerosis. Recently, we reported the properties of the chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibody chP3R99-LALA to bind sulfated GAG, to inhibit LDL-chondroitin sulfate binding, and to avoid LDL oxidation in vitro. Here, we hypothesized that chP3R99-LALA treatment might reduce aortic oxidative stress in a therapeutic setting....
Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated that Deuterohaemin-AlaHisThrValGluLys (DhHP-6), a novel porphyrin-peptide, increases lifespan and enhances stress resistance of Caenorhabditis elegans. To explore the possible mechanisms, in this study we investigated the roles of SIR-2.1 and DAF-16 in DhHP-6's function using wild type and various mutant strains of C. elegans. DhHP-6's effect was dependent upon DAF-16, and it did not extend the lifespan of the loss-of-function daf-16 mutant strain (daf-16(mu86) I)...
Protective effects of carboxyfullerene in irradiated cells and BALB/c mice.
Abstract It has been reported that carboxyfullerene (C3) exhibits a strong free radical scavenging capacity, which plays a critical role in radiation damage. We hypothesized that C3 is an effective radioprotective agent. In this study, we demonstrated that C3 effectively scavenged hydroxyl radical in a cell-free Fenton system and C3 showed no obvious toxicity for cultured cells. Different concentrations (100-400mg/L) of C3 pretreatment effectively protected AHH-1 cells from radiation-induced apoptosis, by a...
