PubMed Journal Database | Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.]

Associations of T helper 1, 2, 17 and regulatory T lymphocytes with mortality in severe sepsis.

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) lymphocytes might play important roles in patients with severe sepsis. The association of Th17 or Treg lymphocytes with survival is also unclear. METHODS: Eighty-seven patients with severe sepsis were enrolled from our intensive care units between August 2008 and July 2010. Leukocyte antigens and clinical data were determined on day 1 in all patients and on day 7 in first-year patients. RESULTS: The percentages in peripheral blood mononuclear...

Viper venom-induced oxidative stress and activation of inflammatory cytokines: a therapeutic approach for overlooked issues of snakebite management.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The snakebite mortality rate has been significantly reduced due to effective anti-venin therapy. The intravenously infused anti-venom will neutralize free and target-bound toxins but fails to neutralize venom-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, as the antigen-antibody complex itself is pro-inflammatory. Therefore, an auxiliary therapy is necessary to treat secondary/overlooked envenomation complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood samples from healthy donors were treated w...

Genetic polymorphisms of interleukin 17A and interleukin 17F and their association with inflammatory bowel disease in a Chinese Han population.

OBJECTIVE: Interleukin-17A and interleukin-17F (IL-17A and IL-17F) are candidate genes for chronic inflammatory disease. We investigated the association between IL17A/F gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to and clinical features of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS: A total of 270 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, 82 Crohn's disease (CD) patients and 268 healthy controls were recruited in this study. Genomic DNA was extracted and analyzed for IL17A/F gene polymorphisms using ligase detection reac...

The phenyl-thiophenyl propenone RK-I-123 reduces the levels of reactive oxygen species and suppresses the activation of NF-κB and AP-1 and IL-8 expression in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial AGS cells.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the phenyl-thiophenyl propenone RK-I-123 suppresses interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and transcription factors (nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB] and activator protein-1 [AP-1]) by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. MATERIAL: Helicobacter pylori in Korean isolates, human gastric epithelial AGS cells. TREATMENT: AGS cells pretreated with or without RK-I-1...

Transcription factor STAT1 gene polymorphism is associated with the development of severe forms of periodontal disease.

INTRODUCTION: Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most common inflammatory diseases, affecting about 10 % of the world population. The establishment of PD is influenced by polymorphisms in genes involved with the inflammatory response. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)-1 is a transcription factor that plays a key role in the intracellular signaling triggered by cytokines and, thus, its activation is critical in inflammatory diseases. AIM AND METHODS: We aim to evaluate the occurren...

Lipopeptides rather than lipopolysaccharide favor the development of dendritic cell dysfunction similar to polymicrobial sepsis in mice.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether the dysfunction of dendritic cells (DC) that develops during polymicrobial sepsis is mimicked by systemic administration of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or of the TLR2 agonist Pam3-Cys-Ser-Lys4 (P3CSK4). MATERIALS AND METHODS: BALB/c mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham operation or received a single i.p. injection of LPS (30 mg/kg body weight), P3CSK4 (10 mg/kg body weight), or saline as control. Purified splenic DC...

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils and instability of the atherosclerotic plaque: a causative role?

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review is to examine the role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in the evolution of atherosclerosis. INTRODUCTION: While the role of PMNs in the evolution of atherosclerosic process has failed until recently to attract much attention, a body of research carried out over the last decade has disclosed the unexpectedly complex behavior of these cells, unraveling an unexpected key role for PMNs in the onset and progression of atheroma. METHODS: A PubMed database search was perfo...

Antagonism of the histamine H4 receptor reduces LPS-induced TNF production in vivo.

OBJECTIVE: Antagonism of the histamine H4 receptor (H4R) has been shown to be anti-inflammatory in a number of preclinical disease models, however the exact mechanisms behind this are still being uncovered. In vitro, the receptor interacts with TLR and impacts inflammatory mediator production from a number of different cell types. Here it is shown that this interaction also occurs in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wild-type and H4R deficient BALB/c mice received an i.p. injection of LPS in PBS in conjunction...

Tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 increase during the development of a 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced immediate-type dermatitis in rats.

BACKGROUND: Due to the steadily increasing incidence of atopic dermatitis, there is a great medical need for new therapies and improved animal models. OBJECTIVE: To provide more detailed analysis of a Sprague-Dawley rat dermatitis model. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were actively sensitized by intraperitoneal injections of dinitrophenylated ovalbumin (DNP-OVA) plus alum. Skin reactions were elicited by repeated epicutaneous challenge with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). RESULTS: The ear thickness exhibited...

Concentration dependent anti-inflammatory effects thrombin on polyphosphate-mediated inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: Recent results indicate that polyphosphate (polyP) released by human endothelial cells can function as a pro-inflammatory mediator, and it has been reported that low thrombin concentrations mediate anti-inflammatory activities. This study was undertaken to investigate whether low thrombin concentrations can modulate polyP-mediated inflammatory responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and in mice. METHODS: Concentration dependent anti-inflammatory effects of thrombin su...

Effect of chlorogenic acid on LPS-induced proinflammatory signaling in hepatic stellate cells.

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: This study was aimed at investigating the effect of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory signaling in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). METHODS: An immortalized rat HSC line was cultured in vitro and treated with LPS in the absence or presence of CGA. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the HSCs was monitored by flow cytometer using DCFH-DA. The protein expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)...

Myocardial infarction causes inflammation and leukocyte recruitment at remote sites in the myocardium and in the renal glomerulus.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) results in the recruitment of leukocytes to injured myocardium. Additionally, myocardium remote to the infarct zone also becomes inflamed and is associated with adverse left ventricular remodelling. Renal ischaemic syndromes have been associated with remote organ inflammation and impaired function. Here, we tested the hypothesis that AMI results in remote organ (renal) inflammation. METHODS: Mice were subjected to either AMI, sham procedure or no pr...

Dietary component p-coumaric acid suppresses monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation in rats.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of p-Coumaric acid, a common dietary phenol, on monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation in rats-an experimental model for acute gouty arthritis. METHODS: Paw edema, levels/activities of lysosomal enzymes, lipid peroxidation, enzymic antioxidants and a histopathological examination of ankle joints were evaluated in control and monosodium urate crystal-induced inflamed rats. Further, an acetic acid-induced writhing test and tail immersion test w...

Activation of inflammatory cells and cytokines by peptide epitopes in vitro: a simple in-vitro screening assay for prioritizing them for in-vivo studies.

OBJECTIVE: Antigen-specific immune modulation is an attractive approach to atherosclerosis treatment. The aim of this study was to develop an in-vitro assay to screen peptide molecules for their inflammatory propensity. MATERIALS: Human dendritic cells derived from CD14(+) monocytes were activated using peptides derived from apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB), heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and complement cascade (peptide A) in vitro, and used for priming autologous T cells. Proliferation of T cells, their different...

Chlamydophila pneumoniae re-infection triggers the production of IL-17A and IL-17E, important regulators of airway inflammation.

OBJECTIVE: Investigation of the effects of interleukin (IL)-17 cytokines in Chlamydophila pneumoniae-infected mice. METHODS: Mice were infected with C. pneumoniae once or three times and the expression of IL-17 cytokines was followed by RT qPCR from day 1 to day 28 after infection and re-infection. After the treatment of mice with anti-IL-17A, ELISA was used to detect the differences in cytokine and chemokine production. The number and phenotype of the IL-17A-producing cells were determined by ELISPOT. RESU...

Cucurbitacin E exhibits anti-inflammatory effect in RAW 264.7 cells via suppression of NF-κB nuclear translocation.

OBJECTIVE: Cucurbitacin E (CuE), a triterpenoid compound isolated from Cucurbitaceae plants, possesses a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory properties. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of CuE and the underlying mechanism of action. METHODS: The anti-inflammatory effect of CuE was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Cell proliferation was assessed using a modified MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution was analyzed by p...

Anti-inflammatory effect of quinoline alkaloid skimmianine isolated from Ruta graveolens L.

OBJECTIVE: The present study evaluates the anti-inflammatory effect of the quinoline alkaloid skimmianine (SKM), isolated from Ruta graveolens L., against carrageenan-induced acute inflammation. METHODS: SKM at a dose of 5.0 mg/kg body weight was found to be the minimal concentration for maximal edema inhibition. Carrageenan suspension was administered into the sub-plantar tissue of the right hind paw 1 h after SKM and diclofenac (20 mg/kg) administration (i.p.). Paw edema was determined 3 h after carr...

Lipopolysaccharide-induced failure of the gut barrier is site-specific and inhibitable by growth hormone.

BACKGROUND: Gut barrier failure caused by endotoxemia is a life-threatening problem. The present study aimed to determine whether any specific intestinal site is highly correlated with gut barrier failure, and whether recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) can ameliorate gut barrier failure in a rat model of endotoxemia. METHODS: Enterostomy tubes were surgically placed in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats three days before induction of endotoxemia by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Controls received no L...

Oral antigens induce rheumatoid arthritis-like inflammation in a rat model.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is to be further elucidated. The present study aims to investigate the role of oral antigen in the induction of RA-like inflammation in the articular joints of rats. METHODS: An RA animal model was developed by gavage-feeding with antigen and aspirin, and lipopolysaccharide intraperitoneal injection. The gut epithelial barrier function was assessed by the absorption of mannitol and lactose. The absorption of the specific antigen was observed...

Erratum to: Histamine release from rat mast cells induced by the metabolic activation of drugs of abuse into free radicals.

Endothelial progenitor cells: the promise of cell-based therapies for acute lung injury.

BACKGROUND: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are defined as a special type of stem cell that have been found to directly incorporate into injured vessels and that participate in angiogenesis and reconstruction by differentiation into endothelial cells. EPCs are widely used to therapeutically treat cardiovascular disease, limb ischemia and vascular repair. However, the role of EPCs in inflammatory diseases, especially in lung injury, is less studied. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application of EPCs to va...

The effects of various doses of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on the expression of CD63 and the release of histamine by basophils of atopic and non-atopic patients.

OBJECTIVE: We tested the effect of various doses of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) on the expression of CD63 and the in vitro release of histamine by basophils stimulated with ragweed allergen in patients with or without ragweed and mite allergies. METHODS: The peripheral blood of 11 patients with ragweed allergy, 10 patients with mite allergy and 14 control patients was incubated with ragweed allergen extract following pretreatment with varying doses of LPS. The expression of CD63 in basophi...

Difference of interleukin-23 receptor gene haplotype variants in ulcerative colitis compared to Crohn's disease and psoriasis.

OBJECTIVE: Polymorphisms of the interleukin-23 receptor (IL23R) gene have been found to play a role in the development of several autoimmune diseases. Our aim was to examine the possible effect of not only simple individual variants, but of haplotypes composed of them. SUBJECTS: We analysed 263 patients with psoriasis, 199 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 282 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 253 controls for rs1884444, rs11805303, rs7517847, rs2201841, rs10889677 and rs11209032 variants. METHOD...

Decrease of cerebral mast cell degranulation after systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide.

INTRODUCTION: The mast cell is an immunocyte, but its functions in the brain remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a rat model of weak inflammation, we analyzed the effect of a gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide injection (100 μg/kg) on thalamic mast cell (MC) population. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate a significant decrease of their degranulation, which suggests the implication of MC in preventing sepsis on the brain.

The effect of ionizing radiation on the homeostasis and functional integrity of murine splenic regulatory T cells.

OBJECTIVE: Radiotherapy affects antitumor immune responses; therefore, it is important to study radiation effects on various compartments of the immune system. Here we report radiation effects on the homeostasis and function of regulatory T (Treg) cells, which are important in down-regulating antitumor immune responses. METHODS: C57Bl/6 mice were irradiated with 2 Gy and alterations in splenic lymphocyte fractions analyzed at different intervals. RESULTS: Total CD4+ numbers showed stronger decrease after i...