PubMed Journal Database | Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology 
The US National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health manage PubMed.gov which comprises of more than 21 million records, papers, reports for biomedical literature, including MEDLINE, life science and medical journals, articles, reviews, reports and books. BioPortfolio aims to publish relevant information on published papers, clinical trials and news associated with users selected topics.
For example view all recent relevant publications on Epigenetics and associated publications and clincial trials.
Showing PubMed Articles 1–25 of 79 from Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
This study examined the neuropsychological performance of 125 outpatient Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and nonacute mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) (n = 66) and PTSD (n = 59) across multiple cognitive domains to determine whether mild TBI results in greater impairment among those with PTSD. Profile analyses revealed that veterans with PTSD and mild TBI did not differ significantly from those with just PTSD across domain...
The aggregate effects of multiple comorbid risk factors on cognition among HIV-infected individuals.
This study developed and then cross-validated a novel weighting algorithm based on multiple comorbid risk factors (stimulant use, vascular disease, hepatitis C, HIV disease severity, cognitive reserve) to predict cognitive functioning among 366 HIV+ adults. The resultant "risk severity score" was used to differentially weight, as a function of age, the impact and magnitude of multiple risk factors on cognition. Among older adults (≥50 years) the risk severity index was differentially predictive of learnin...
Even though theories and research have pointed out the importance of variables such as age, gender, or education on neuropsychological assessment, much less emphasis has been placed on language and culture. With the increasing population of Spanish speakers in North America and the limited amount of clinical and scholarly information currently available, neuropsychological assessment of this group has similarly become of increasing importance. Though several studies have been published over the last two dec...
Does emotion processing in music and speech prosody recruit common neurocognitive mechanisms? To examine this question, we implemented a cross-domain comparative design in Parkinson's disease (PD). Twenty-four patients and 25 controls performed emotion recognition tasks for music and spoken sentences. In music, patients had impaired recognition of happiness and peacefulness, and intact recognition of sadness and fear; this pattern was independent of general cognitive and perceptual abilities. In speech, pa...
Investigation of the link between higher order cognitive functions and handedness.
The study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that in high-functioning individuals the left-handedness phenotype facilitates the performance of executive-related tasks that engage the right hemisphere. The Trail-Making Test and Letter-Number Sequencing, previously indicated to engage the right hemisphere, were applied on 47 right-handers and 50 left-handers. There was a significant effect of handedness on both measures and an interaction effect of gender and handedness on the Trail-Making Test. The findings...
Strategic monitoring during a delay interval is theorized to be an essential feature of time-based prospective memory (TB PM), the cognitive architecture of which is thought to rely heavily on frontostriatal systems and executive functions. This hypothesis was examined in 55 individuals with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and 108 seronegative comparison participants who were administered the Memory for Intentions Screening Test (MIST), during which time-monitoring (clock-checking) behavior w...
The blindside: Impact of monocular occlusion on spatial attention.
Monocular occlusion has been posited to reduce activation of the contralateral hemisphere ("Sprague effect"), thus inducing a contralateral spatial bias (toward the viewing eye). Healthy right-handed participants bisected horizontal lines during monocular eye viewing. Although subjects tended to deviate away from the viewing eye, only left-eye viewing deviated significantly right of midline. These results suggest that eye patching may induce an attentional compensation similar to that in hemianopic patients...
The copy condition of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) is sensitive to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, but its neural correlates remain unclear. We used fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) to elucidate this association in 77 patients with probable AD. We observed a correlation between ROCF and metabolic rate of bilateral temporal-parietal cortex and occipital lobe, and right frontal lobe. Global and local elements of the ROCF correlated with metabolic rate of these same reg...
Judgment of Line Orientation: An examination of eight short forms.
The Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO) test is a commonly used measure of visuospatial perception. Because of its length, several short forms have appeared in the literature. We examined the internal consistency of the JLO and eight of its published short forms among 128 undergraduates, 203 healthy older adults, and 55 chronic kidney disease patients. The full test demonstrated good reliability for traditional neuropsychological assessment, but the majority of short forms were adequate only for screening pu...
The most common cognitive impairments in multiple sclerosis (MS) have been documented in specific domains, including new learning and memory, working memory, and information processing speed. However, little attempt has been made to increase our understanding of their relationship to one another. While recent studies have shown that processing speed impacts new learning and memory abilities in MS, the role of working memory in this relationship has received less attention. The present study examines the rel...
Several studies have investigated the neuropsychological functioning of patients with anorexia nervosa restrictive type (AN-r), but results are conflicting. Here we compared the neuropsychological profile of 23 female children and adolescents with AN-r and of 46 typical controls (aged 9-16 years) using the second edition of the NEPSY (a Developmental Neuropsychology Assessment) neuropsychological battery. AN-r patients presented subtle cognitive flexibility impairments in audiomotor responses (p = .033). Co...
The relationship between alcohol and cognitive functioning following traumatic brain injury.
The present study aimed to examine the association between frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption and cognitive functioning following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Sixty moderately to severely injured individuals had completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) to measure preinjury alcohol use soon after injury and were recruited and assessed with AUDIT and Time Line Follow-Back (TLFB), as a measure of frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption at 6-9 months post injury. Fifty p...
Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) do not always convert to dementia. In such cases, abnormal neuropsychological test results may not validly reflect cognitive symptoms due to brain disease, and the usual brain-behavior relationships may be absent. This study examined symptom validity in a memory clinic sample and its effect on the associations between hippocampal volume and memory performance. Eleven of 170 consecutive patients (6.5%; 13% of patients younger than 65 years) referred to memory cli...
International studies of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) are needed to determine the viral and host factors associated with cognitive impairment particularly as more than 80% of HIV+ subjects reside in resource-limited settings. Recent diagnostic nomenclature of HAND requires comparison of cognitive performance specifically to local normative data. To evaluate this need for local norms, we compared normative data obtained locally in Thailand to Western norms. The current study examined cogniti...
Education may reduce risk of dementia through passive reserve, by increasing neural substrate. We tested the hypotheses that education is associated with thicker cortex and reduced rates of atrophy in brain regions related to literacy and intellectual ability. Healthy older adults and those with mild cognitive impairment were categorized into high (≥18 years) and low (≤13 years) education groups. Higher education was associated with thinner cortices in several areas, but one-year atrophy rates in these...
This cross-sectional study examined associations among aerobic capacity, muscle strength, balance, and cognitive processing speed (CPS) in 31 persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 31 matched controls. Participants completed neuropsychological tests and aerobic capacity (i.e., peak oxygen consumption), muscular strength (i.e., asymmetry between knee muscles), and balance (i.e., postural sway) assessments. Aerobic capacity (r = .27), postural sway (r = -.40), and knee extensor asymmetry (r = -.25) were...
Implicit olfactory abilities in traumatic brain injured patients.
To investigate implicit olfactory abilities in a group of anosmic traumatic brain injured (TBI) patients, an olfactomotor priming paradigm was administered. A group of matched normosmic/mildly microsmic TBI patients and a group of neurologically healthy participants served as controls. For all the groups, an interference effect was evident on the peak velocity of grip aperture when participants grasped a large target preceded by a "small" odor. The present results suggest that some form of implicit olfactor...
Right hippocampal pathology inhibits the Flynn effect in temporal lobe epilepsy.
If brain pathology impedes the mechanisms that drive the Flynn effect, the gap between the mean IQ of patient groups and the general population will increase over successive generations. We examined the IQs of a large series of patients aged between 18 and 35 years, with homogenous underlying brain pathology tested over two decades, for evidence of a Flynn effect; 381 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and unilateral hippocampal sclerosis (n = 221 left hippocampal sclerosis, LHS; n = 160 right hip...
There is a need for culture neutral neuropsychological instruments. The International Shopping List Test (ISLT) is sensitive to memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) in different cultural groups, although its sensitivity to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and ability to be given repeatedly at short retest intervals is unknown. Performance on the ISLT was compared between groups of healthy adults, MCI, and AD from the Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle study of ageing. Subjects were assessed...
Two studies addressed how young adult college students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (n = 44) compare to their nonaffected peers (n = 42) on tests of auditory and visual-spatial working memory (WM), are vulnerable to auditory and visual distractions, and are affected by a simple intervention. Students with ADHD demonstrated worse auditory WM than did controls. A near significant trend indicated that auditory distractions interfered with the visual WM of both groups and that, w...
Social behavior in mild cognitive impairment and early dementia.
Social behavioral abnormalities are commonly seen in the later stages of dementia. However, there has been only limited empirical study of social functioning in the earlier stages of the disease, or in individuals diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The aim of the present study was to test whether these clinical groups show more socially inappropriate and prejudicial behavior relative to controls, as rated by informants. No group differences were identified for ratings of either socially appropr...
Acculturation has been linked to neuropsychological performance in several ethnic groups. However, research among Latina/o samples has examined primarily Mexicans/Mexican Americans and has not examined Latina/o clinical populations of Caribbean descent. This study examined associations between a multidimensional acculturation measure and neuropsychological performance among 82 HIV+ Caribbean Latina/o adults. Multivariate results showed that US acculturation significantly predicted 11-14% of the variance in...
Episodic memory deficits are common in HIV infection and bipolar disorder, but patient insight into such deficits remains unclear. Thirty-four HIV-infected individuals without bipolar disorder (HIV+/BD-) and 47 HIV+ individuals with comorbid bipolar disorder (HIV+/BD+) were administered the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised to examine objective learning/memory functioning. Subjective memory complaints were assessed via the memory subscale of the Patient's As...
Benefits and limitations of errorless learning after surviving pediatric brain tumors: A case study.
Survivors of childhood brain tumors often acquire complex cognitive difficulties including impairments in attention, processing speed, and different aspects of memory function. These impairments can affect their learning in the real world and in the classroom. However, the efficacy of memory rehabilitation techniques post treatment has not yet been assessed in these patients. We present the case of a 15-year-old boy, C.J., who acquired a profound episodic memory impairment due to a metastatic germ cell tumo...
In this study, we compared neuropsychological tests and parent-based ratings of flexibility in a sample of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We investigated the discriminant validity of the domain-specific flexibility measures by comparison with the domain general measures, general behavioral problems, general ASD-related traits, and general intelligence. Tests and parent-based ratings of flexibility were not significantly correlated. Parent-based ratings were strongly related with the three br...
