PubMed Journal Database | Neuroepidemiology 
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Showing PubMed Articles, all 24 from Neuroepidemiology
Background: Intracranial atherosclerosis is an important etiology of stroke in the USA, but its prevalence in the general population remains unknown. This study was performed to determine the feasibility of transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) for general population screening and to estimate the prevalence of intracranial stenosis in the USA. Methods: We used a public database to randomly select 99 subjects aged 65-84 years residing in a well-defined geographic area. For all subjects clinical history was r...
Background: An Icelandic study showed a significant positive association between phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) gene variants and stroke. However, subsequent studies reported conflicting results, possibly due to small sample sizes and the heterogeneity of the studies. Method: We performed a meta-analysis on 6 SNPs of the PDE4D gene to investigate the association between this gene and ischemic stroke by integrating the results of previous studies, comprising 11,834 cases and 15,233 controls. A pooled genotypic...
The Risk of Parkinson Disease Associated with Urate in a Community-Based Cohort of Older Adults.
Background/Aims: Studies suggest an inverse association between urate concentration and the risk of Parkinson disease (PD). We investigated this in the Cardiovascular Health Study in an elderly community-based cohort of adults. Methods: The association of baseline urate (μmol/l) and incident PD over 14 years was assessed with locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) regression from which categories of low (500 μmol/l) urate ranges were derived. Multivariate logistic regression models assessed the ri...
Conditional Survival of All Primary Brain Tumor Patients by Age, Behavior, and Histology.
Background: Survival statistics commonly reflect survival from the time of diagnosis but do not take into account survival already achieved after a diagnosis. The objective of this study was to provide conditional survival estimates for brain tumor patients as a more accurate measure of survival for those who have already survived for a specified amount of time after diagnosis. Methods: Data on primary malignant and nonmalignant brain tumor cases diagnosed from 1985-2005 from selected SEER state cancer regi...
Background: Some heavy metals are suspected to be pathogenic and some vitamins protective against Parkinson's disease (PD), and the interaction between heavy metals and vitamins could be associated with the pathophysiology of PD. Methods: Subjects comprised PD patients and sex- and age-matched controls recruited from an outpatient clinic in China. Morning blood and urine samples were used to measure concentrations of metals and vitamins. Results: The serum iron, whole-blood manganese, urine iron and copper...
Prevalence of Dementia among Elderly People Living in Cotonou, an Urban Area of Benin (West Africa).
Background/Aims: The population of Benin is, like those of most developing countries, aging; dementia is therefore a major concern. Our goal was to estimate the prevalence of dementia in an elderly population living in urban Benin. Methods: In a cross-sectional community-based study, people aged 65 years and above were screened using the Community Screening Interview for Dementia and the Five-Word Test. Results: The prevalence of dementia was 3.7% (95% CI 2.6-4.8) overall. The figure increased with age and...
Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are a risk factor for stroke. Their etiology is considered to be cerebral microvascular abnormality. However, the association between WMHs and arteriosclerosis is not yet clear. The aim of this hospital-based cohort study was to identify the arteriosclerotic characteristics associated with WMHs. Methods: We cross-sectionally included 240 consecutive patients with no history of stroke. We measured the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), ankle brachial...
Background: The best approach to determine the burden of neurological disorders in developing countries is to perform population-based studies. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of neurological disorders in a Mexican rural community and assess the usefulness of a household screening questionnaire. Methods: The survey took place in a Mexican rural community of Puebla State in Mexico. This was a cross-sectional, population-based, 2-phase study including a comparison of the usefulness levels of t...
Remission while on anti-epileptic drug (AED) therapy and remission off AED are the only prognostic criteria defined by the International League against Epilepsy (ILAE), defining remission as 5 seizure-free years. Prognosis studies in epilepsy have investigated other prognostic categories using different designs and definitions. This systematic review explores factors that explain discrepancies in the proportion of patients reported with commonly studied prognostic categories in general epilepsy cohorts. Thi...
Background: This study examined the possibility of a linear, inverse association between physical activity and the number of self-reported cardiovascular comorbidities in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: The sample included 561 persons with MS who completed demographic, cardiovascular comorbidity, disability status, and physical activity self-report assessments, and then wore an accelerometer for 7 days. The data were analyzed using bivariate correlation and multiple linear regression analyses...
Physical Activity in Multiple Sclerosis: The Missing Prescription.
No abstract available.
Nationwide Population-Based Epidemiologic Study of Cryptococcal Meningitis in Taiwan.
Background: Little is known about the epidemiology of cryptococcal meningitis in Taiwan. The aim of this study was to conduct the first nationwide population-based epidemiologic study of cryptococcal meningitis in Taiwan. Methods: Cases of cryptococcal meningitis were identified from the annual hospitalization discharge claims of the National Health Insurance Research Database with the corresponding ICD-9 code 321.0 from January 2000 to December 2007. Results: A total of 845 incident cases of cryptococcal m...
Smokers with Multiple Sclerosis Are More Likely to Report Comorbid Autoimmune Diseases.
Background/Aims: Smoking is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS) and autoimmune disease, and might explain an increased risk of comorbid autoimmune disease (CAD) in MS. We compared the risk of CAD in smokers and nonsmokers with MS. Methods: Participants enrolled in the North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis Registry reported their smoking status, the presence of CAD and the year of diagnosis. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine the independent association between smo...
Sun Exposure, Vitamin D and Age at Disease Onset in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis.
Background: Current evidence suggests that sun exposure and vitamin D intake, during childhood and adolescence, are associated with a reduced risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the role of these environmental agents in the timing of disease symptom onset remains to be investigated. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, we recruited participants from the Veterans Health Administration - Multiple Sclerosis Surveillance Registry. Self-reported histories of residential locations, sun exposure an...
Gender Imbalances Induced by Age Limits in Stroke Trials.
Background: Gender differences in life expectancy result in a higher proportion of women in the older population. This causes a female preponderance among elderly patients with ischaemic stroke. On the other hand, upper age limits are frequently used in clinical trials, in part due to safety reasons and logistical concerns. In this study, we model how applying upper age limits will lead to a gender disparity in stroke trials, favouring the inclusion of men rather than women. Methods: We analyzed a prospecti...
Nineteen-Year Trends in Risk Factors, Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis in Lacunar Infarcts.
Background: Cardiovascular risk factors, clinical features and early outcome of first-ever cerebral lacunar infarcts from 1986 to 2004, using the Sagrat Cor Hospital of Barcelona Stroke Registry, were assessed and compared with data from patients with nonlacunar infarction. Methods: The study population consisted of 566 patients with lacunar infarct and 1,516 patients with nonlacunar infarct. Secular trends for the periods 1986-1992, 1993-1998 and 1999-2004 were analyzed. Results: Age and the percentage of...
An Introduction to Instrumental Variables Analysis: Part 1.
There are several examples in the medical literature where the associations of treatment effects predicted by observational studies have been refuted by evidence from subsequent large-scale randomised trials. This is because of the fact that non-experimental studies are subject to confounding - and confounding cannot be entirely eliminated even if all known confounders have been measured in the study as there may be unknown confounders. The aim of this 2-part methodological primer is to introduce an emergin...
Incidence of Epilepsy in a Defined Area of Central Anatolia, Turkey, after 15 Years of Age.
Background: The aim of this study was to establish the incidence rate, incidence-related characteristics, and epidemiological profile of epilepsy in Eskisehir, Turkey. Methods: Cases were prospectively recorded by utilizing multiple data sources, including case records obtained through the Hospital Information System, files kept by family physicians, and files kept by private neurologists. Patients diagnosed with epilepsy between July 1, 2007, and June 30, 2008, and above the age of 15 years were included i...
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Deaths in the USA, 1979-2005.
Background: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a neurological disease most often seen among immunosuppressed patients. The incidence of PML increased with an increasing incidence of HIV/AIDS. We describe recent trends and the epidemiology of PML-associated death in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods: National multiple-cause-of-death data for the USA were used to identify records with PML listed as a cause of death during 1979-2005. Age-adjusted PML-associated d...
Epidemiology of neurological disorders is still lacking in Egypt. The door-to-door method is the most suitable one to screen neurological disorders in our country. Over a 4-year period (June 1, 2005 to May 31, 2009), screening and examination had been carried out to ascertain the incidence and prevalence rate of epilepsy, stroke, cerebral palsy and Bell's palsy, as well as the prevalence of dementia, extrapyramidal syndromes, muscle and neuromuscular disorders, cerebellar ataxia and primary nocturnal enures...
Background: Although of great interest and suggested in prior reports, possible alpha-synuclein (SNCA) gene-environment interactions have not been well investigated in humans. Methods: We used a population-based approach to examine whether the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) depended on the combined presence of SNCA variations and two important environmental factors, pesticide exposures and smoking. Results/Conclusions: Similar to recent meta- and pooled analyses, our data suggest a lower PD risk in subjec...
No abstract available.
Delayed Start, Rapid Solution?
No abstract available.
Is Stroke History Reliably Reported by Elderly with Cognitive Impairment? A Community-Based Study.
Background/Aims: Self-reported history of stroke has been questioned in the elderly due to the high prevalence of cognitive impairment. We tested the validity of response to a stroke questionnaire versus clinical diagnosis of stroke among elderly people with and without cognitive impairment. Methods: Community-dwelling participants to the phase 1 Canadian Study of Health and Aging were screened for self-reported stroke. Physician-diagnosed stroke was set as the gold standard. The positive predictive value (...
