PubMed Journal Database | Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity 
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Showing PubMed Articles 1–25 of 430,000+ from obesity reviews : an official journal of the international association for the study of obesity
Shine light on your chemistry! Irradiating 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirine in the presence of equimolar solutions of phenol and tyrosine derivatives leads to Friedel-Crafts alkylations, which suggests a strategy for the development of "cleaner" diazirines for chemical biology.
A series of nine borylated arylisoquinolines has been prepared with systematic variation in their electronic properties and their photophysical properties were investigated. The color of their fluorescence can be finely tuned by changing the properties of the aryl moiety, which is involved in internal-charge-transfer processes. For example, methoxy-substituted compound 5 showed an intense green emission, whereas dimethylamino-substituted compound 6 showed an orange-red emission. These new fluorophores were...
A heart of gold: Phenols can be obtained by the intermolecular reaction of furans with alkynes by using [AuIPr](+) A(-) catalysts. 1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran also reacts via a cyclopropyl gold carbene to selectively form 2,3-disubstituted indenes. (IPr=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene; A=anion.).
Covalent modular approach for dimension-controlled self-organization of perylene bisimide dyes.
Organogels: Dimerization of perylene bisimide dyes through an oligomethylene linker enabled the facile control over columnar and lamellar self-organized architectures by an odd/even effect with respect to the number of methylene groups. The difference in the self-organized architectures was shown to have an impact on their material morphologies, as well as charge-carrier mobilities.
Carbon-Coated CdS Petalous Nanostructures with Enhanced Photostability and Photocatalytic Activity.
More than just skin deep: Carbon-coated CdS petalous particles have been synthesized through a one-pot solvothermal method. The carbon nanocoating serves multiple functions, including protection of the CdS surface, enhancement of visible light absorption, and facilitating the separation of photogenerated charges. As a result, this CdS-C nanohybrid photocatalyst exhibits significantly enhanced photostability and photocatalytic activity.
Carbene formation in ionic liquids: spontaneous, induced, or prohibited?
We present a theoretical study of carbene formation from the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ionic liquid in the absence and presence of CO2 in gas and liquid phase. Although CO2 physisorption constitutes a precursory step of chemisorption (the CO2's reaction with carbenes, which forms from cations via proton abstraction by anions), it also enables a very stable CO2-anion associate. However, this counteracts the chemical absorption by reducing the basicity of the anion and the electrophilicity of the CO...
Increased Asymptomatic Airway Hyper-Responsiveness in Obese Individuals.
Objective. Asymptomatic airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) represents a risk of further accelerated decline in lung function, and of asthma. Due to the fact that rare and contradictory results exist concerning the impact of obesity on BHR, we re-assessed the prevalence of bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) in a large cohort of 60 lean, 84 overweight, and 360 class 1-3 obese non-asthmatic individuals, by coupled plethysmography and spirometry. Methods. Baseline-specific airway conductance (SGaw) and spirome...
Interference energy for C-H and C-C bonds of a set of saturated hydrocarbons is calculated by the generalized product function energy partitioning (GPF-EP) method in order to investigate its sensitivity to the type of chain and also its contribution to the bond dissociation energy. All GPF groups corresponding to chemical bonds are calculated by use of GVB-PP wave functions to ensure the correct description of bond dissociation. The results show that the interference energies are practically the same for al...
Structural and molecular interrogation of intact biological systems.
Obtaining high-resolution information from a complex system, while maintaining the global perspective needed to understand system function, represents a key challenge in biology. Here we address this challenge with a method (termed CLARITY) for the transformation of intact tissue into a nanoporous hydrogel-hybridized form (crosslinked to a three-dimensional network of hydrophilic polymers) that is fully assembled but optically transparent and macromolecule-permeable. Using mouse brains, we show intact-tissu...
Two new heterobimetallic porous coordination polymers with the formula [Fe(TPT)2/3 {M(I) (CN)2 }2 ]⋅nSolv (TPT=[(2,4,6-tris(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine]; M(I) =Ag (nSolv=0, 1 MeOH, 2 CH2 Cl2 ), Au (nSolv=0, 2 CH2 Cl2 )) have been synthesized and their crystal structures were determined at 120 K and 293 K by single-crystal X-ray analysis. These structures crystallized in the trigonal R-3m space group. The Fe(II) ion resides at an inversion centre that defines a [FeN6 ] coordination core. Four dicya...
Silicon-induced phenanthrene formation from benzynes and allenylsilanes.
Now directly feasible: The silicon atom in allenylsilanes enabled their reaction with two equivalents of benzynes to generate (α-phenanthrenyl)vinylsilanes in good to excellent yields through an unprecedented [2+2+2] pathway.
From terminal alkynes to glyoxals: Terminal alkynes can be oxidized under mild conditions by the use of an N-oxide in the presence of a gold catalyst. The intermediate glyoxal derivatives can be transferred in a one-pot procedure to substituted quinoxalines.
Quo vadis? The Lewis acid catalyzed reaction of (hetero)aryl-derived donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with alkenes can be selectively directed along a [3+2] annulation pathway. This new process provides convenient and efficient access to indanes and other cyclopentannulated (hetero)arenes, among which polyoxygenated 1-arylindanes exhibit significant cytotoxicity against several cancer cell lines with an IC50 of 10(-6) -10(-5) M.
An atom-economical and stereoselective domino synthesis of functionalised dienes.
Open sesame: A direct synthesis of functionalised and stereodefined dienes, relying on a domino allylic alkylation/electrocyclic ring-opening sequence, is reported. This method allows concise access to doubly vinylogous esters. A further systematic study of ring-opening rates of carbon-substituted cyclobutenes allowed the design of substrates amenable to sequential pericyclic reactions.
A gallogermanate zeolite with eleven-membered-ring channels.
Ring the change: The gallogermanate zeolite |(Ni(C3 H10 N2 )3 )36 Ni4.7 |[Ga81.4 Ge206.6 O576 ], which has three-dimensional intersecting 11-membered-ring channels, was synthesized. It has the lowest framework density of all known oxide zeolites and features pairs of chiral [3(12) .4(3) .6(2) .11(6) ] cavities, induced by chiral [Ni(1,2-PDA)3 ](2+) cations formed in situ. 1,2-PDA=1,2-diaminopropane.
Chemoselectivity control in the reactions of 1,2-cyclic sulfamidates with amines.
Although 1,2-cyclic sulfamidates derived from α-methylisoserine undergo nucleophilic displacement at the quaternary center, to the best of our knowledge their behavior with amines as nucleophiles has never been explored. We have found that a broad range of amines can be used, demonstrating the scope of the reaction, and that excellent control of the chemoselectivity can be achieved. Application of this methodology for the synthesis of a chiral α,β-diamino acid and an important piperazinone heterocycle is...
Unprecedented multi-stable spin crossover molecular material with two thermal memory channels.
Two in one: A new iron(II) complex with short alkyl substituents exhibits an unprecedented bimodal behavior governed by the coexistence of three phases: two structurally different low-spin phases and one high-spin phase. The compound features two distinct well-separated strong cooperative spin-crossover transitions by varying the scan rate.
Transmetallation: A highly regio- and diastereoselective carbocyclization involving a palladium-catalyzed 1,2-addition of two carbon atoms across a conjugated diene has been developed. The reaction is performed with dienynes and an oxygen tether containing a terminal or internal triple bond.
Human infection with a novel avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) virus.
Infection of poultry with influenza A subtype H7 viruses occurs worldwide, but the introduction of this subtype to humans in Asia has not been observed previously. In March 2013, three urban residents of Shanghai or Anhui, China, presented with rapidly progressing lower respiratory tract infections and were found to be infected with a novel reassortant avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) virus.
Global concerns regarding novel influenza A (H7N9) virus infections.
A capillary electrophoresis (CE)-capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C(4)D) method for the simultaneous separation of eleven underivatized fatty acids (FAs), namely, lauric, myristic, tridecanoic (internal standard), pentadecanoic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, elaidic, linoleic, linolenic and arachidic acids is described. The separation was carried out in normal polarity mode at 20°C, 30kV and using hydrodynamic injection (50mbar for 1s). The separation was achieved in a bare fused-silica...
Fluorouracil in the environment: Analysis, occurrence, degradation and transformation.
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a fluorinated pyrimidine analogue important in the treatment of cancer whose fate in the environment is yet to be fully addressed. Due to its high polarity 5-FU requires challenging sample preparation and therefore we thoroughly investigated different solid phase extraction mechanisms (ion pair, ion exchange, reversed phase), sorbents and derivatisation agents to enable trace-level analysis of 5-FU based on GC-MS/MS in natural and wastewaters. Ion pair and ion exchange retention mec...
Although the Aβ37-42 peptide has two opposite terminal charges, counterintuitively its current fibril amyloid structure reveals in register parallel β-strands, as formed by the full length Aβ peptide. In this study, we carried out a replica exchange molecular dynamics simulation of 16 all-atom Aβ37-42 peptides in explicit water starting from randomized and dispersed chains. The extensive conformational sampling (48 replicas, 460 ns/replica) with a total simulation time of 23 μs allows us to obtain a fu...
The dynamical response of a molecular system to a macropulse typically produced by a free-electron laser is theoretically modeled over experimentally long times, within a realistic kinetic Monte Carlo framework that incorporates absorption, stimulated emission, spontaneous emission, and dissociation events. The simulation relies on an anharmonic potential energy surface obtained from quantum chemistry calculations. Application to cationic naphthalene yields a better agreement with measurements than the anha...
Exciplex formation in blended spin-cast films of fluorene-linked dyes and bisphthalimide quenchers.
Spin-cast films of dyes (donor-π-donor, donor-π-acceptor, and acceptor-π-acceptor type, where the donor is Ph2N-, the acceptor is 2-benzothiazoyl, and the π-linker is 9,9-diethylfluorene) blended with nonconjugated bisphthalimides were prepared. Upon visible-light excitation of the dyes, quenching of the excited state occurs by exciplex formation between dye and bisphthalimide molecules or, in some cases, by excimer formation or aggregation-induced emission between two dye molecules. The extent of excip...
