PubMed Journal Database | Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society 
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Showing PubMed Articles 1–25 of 65 from Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society
Transplantation and host immune response to Toxoplasma gondii.
BACKGROUND: Biliary complications (BCs) and recurrent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are among the major causes of morbidity and graft loss following liver transplantation. The influence of HCV on BCs has not been definitely clarified. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study to analyze risk factors and outcome of post orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) BCs in 352 liver transplant recipients over 12 years in Munich, Germany (n = 84 with HCV; living donor and re-OLT were excl...
Effects of ureteral stents on risk of bacteriuria in renal allograft recipients.
BACKGROUND: Placement of ureteral stents at the time of renal transplantation is thought to decrease the incidence of postoperative complications, such as anastomotic leakage and stenosis. However, stents may also predispose to post-transplantation urinary tract infection, which can lead to increased risks of graft dysfunction, sepsis, and death. The aim of this study was to analyze the risk of post-transplantation bacteriuria with ureteral stent placement in renal allograft recipients. METHODS: A retrospec...
Influenza may cause severe disease and mortality in leukemia patients and in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients. The 4th European Conference of Infections in Leukemia (ECIL-4) has developed evidence-based guidelines for prevention and management of influenza infections in these patients. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction is the diagnostic test of choice, as it is the most sensitive and specific test for influenza. The risks for severe influenza and fatal outcome inclu...
BACKGROUND: In kidney transplant recipients, cytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause significant morbidity, mortality, and costs, which can be prevented by universal antiviral prophylaxis or preemptive therapy. METHODS: With the aim to improve our understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of these interventions, we documented resource use for 101 consecutive kidney transplant recipients in our center receiving preemptive therapy and estimated resource use for 2 alternative scenarios. RESULTS: At 100 days a...
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in transplant recipients is estimated to be 50 times higher than in the general population, with a mortality rate of around 40%. Diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) is an essential strategy for TB control. In this study we compared the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test (QFT) with the tuberculin skin test (TST) for detection of LTBI in solid organ transplant (SOT) candidates. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between March 2008 and...
Severe hyponatremia is a critical electrolyte abnormality in allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) recipients and >50% of cases of severe hyponatremia are caused by the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Here, we present a patient with rapidly progressive severe hyponatremia as an initial sign and symptom of human herpesvirus-6-associated post-transplantation acute limbic encephalitis (HHV-6 PALE) after allo-SCT. A 45-year-old woman with acute lymphoblastic leukem...
BACKGROUND: We sought to describe the epidemiology and risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) among kidney transplant recipients (KTR) between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2010. METHODS: A single-institution retrospective study was conducted among all adult KTR with CDI, defined as a positive test for C. difficile by a cell cytotoxic assay for C. difficile toxin A or B or polymerase chain reaction test for toxigenic C. difficile. RESULTS: Among 603 kidney transplants performed between 1...
Enterococci are an unusual cause of meningitis, with most cases reported in the literature preceded by neurosurgical procedures. Spread to the meninges from an enterococcal bloodstream infection is even more rare, with few cases reported in the literature. We report the first documented case, to our knowledge, of successful treatment of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal (VRE) meningitis with linezolid therapy in an immunosuppressed hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient. Our case highlights the succes...
Infection remains a source of mortality in heart recipients. We previously reported that post-transplant immunoglobulin G (IgG) quantification can help identify the risk for infection. We assessed whether other standardized parameters of humoral and cellular immunity could prove useful when identifying patients at risk of infection.
Bordetella holmesii bacteremia in a renal transplant recipient: emergence of a new pathogen.
Bordetella holmesii is a gram-negative rod that was initially identified in 1995. It causes bacteremia, pneumonia, and endocarditis mostly in patients with anatomical or functional asplenia. We report here, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of B. holmesii bacteremia in a renal transplant recipient following rituximab therapy for recurrence of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.
Fatal BK virus pneumonia following stem cell transplantation.
We report the case of a 39-year-old male patient who died of severe BK virus (BKV) pneumonia 168 days after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. After suffering from BKV-associated late-onset hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) with long-term sustained BKV viremia, he died of rapidly progressive pneumonia. On autopsy, numerous viral intranuclear inclusions were seen in his lungs and bladder. An immunohistochemical examination of his lungs was positive for simian virus 40....
BACKGROUND: In allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT), reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) is known for producing less regimen-related toxicity. However, whether or not RIC reduces the risk for infection and infection-related mortality (IRM) remains controversial. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed infectious episodes and IRMs after allo-SCTs by time period and by the intensity of the conditioning regimen (RIC [n = 81] vs. myeloablative conditioning, MAC [n = 150]). RESULTS: The cumulative i...
Influenza A H1N1/2009 infection in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients.
AIM AND METHOD: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of pandemic influenza A H1N1/2009 (pH1N1) infection, in a retrospective cohort of pediatric patients with kidney and/or liver transplant and confirmed pH1N1 infection from June to December 2009, diagnosed in 2 Spanish teaching hospitals. RESULTS: Forty-nine patients were included. Pneumonia was diagnosed in 4 patients (8.2%), and 3 of them required respiratory support. There were no related deaths. CONCLUSION: Ant...
BACKGROUND: Seasonal and pandemic influenza virus infections in renal transplant patients are associated with poor outcomes. During the pandemic of 2009-2010, the AS03-adjuvanted monovalent H1N1 influenza vaccine was recommended for transplant recipients, although its immunogenicity in this population was unknown. We sought to determine the safety and immunogenicity of an adjuvant-containing vaccine against pandemic influenza A H1N1 2009 (pH1N1) administered to kidney transplant recipients. METHODS: We pros...
Fatal outcome after heart transplantation caused by Aspergillus lentulus.
Opportunistic invasive fungal infections are a major cause of mortality in immunocompromised patients. Early diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis and proper identification of the causative agent is crucial for guidance of therapy. Accurate differentiation of Aspergillus lentulus, a filamentous fungus often misidentified as atypical Aspergillus fumigatus, is of concern as multiple antifungal drugs show a reduced susceptibility. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of a proven pulmonary invasive fungal...
Recipients of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are highly susceptible to the development of infections with multidrug- resistant (MDR) organisms. We describe the case of a patient with an LVAD who developed a device-related, daptomycin non-susceptible, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection, highlighting this patient population as highly vulnerable to the development of such antimicrobial resistance. This report includes a thorough review of the literature on the mechanisms of developm...
A 31-year-old man underwent living-related kidney transplantation in 2004 as a consequence of primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Four years after the transplantation, we confirmed nephrotic syndrome caused by recurrent FSGS. We performed plasmapheresis and low-density lipoprotein adsorption. We also combined steroid therapy with a reduction in the dose of tacrolimus and an increased dose of mycophenolate mofetil. The nephrotic syndrome improved dramatically with this combined therapeutic app...
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in renal transplant recipients can present as asymptomatic viremia or CMV syndrome or, in more severe cases, as tissue-invasive disease. CMV enteritis, a common manifestation of CMV invasive disease, usually presents with fever, abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, and diarrhea, and can be rarely complicated by colon perforation, hemorrhage, or megacolon. CMV infection occurs primarily in the first 6 months post transplantation, when immunosuppression is more intense. We descri...
How many times can parvovirus B19-related anemia recur in solid organ transplant recipients?
Parvovirus B19 (PB19) infection is known to cause acute erythroblastopenia-mediated anemia in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) and the decrease of immunosuppression level are supposed to induce a long-term remission, although no consensus exists about the dose and the schedule of IVIg administrations. However, a few reports have shown that PB19-related anemia can recur despite this treatment, with a maximum of 3 recurrences reported. In this report, we describe in...
Immunosuppressive therapy required to treat rejection after lung transplantation (LTx) contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease. In a weak allogeneic left LTx model in the rat (Fisher 344 [F344] to Wistar Kyoto [WKY] rats) we analyzed the influence of acute CMV infection on postoperative day (POD) 3, with application of standard triple-drug immunosuppression (TD-IS) (cyclosporin A, azathioprine, prednisolone) on late outcome after LTx. Native right lungs a...
Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection among lung transplant recipients: a 15-year cohort study.
BACKGROUND: The incidence of infection with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) after lung transplant is insufficiently defined. Data on the impact of NTM infection on lung transplant survival are conflicting. METHODS: To quantify the incidence and outcomes of colonization and disease with NTM in patients after lung transplantation, the medical records, chest imaging, and microbiology data of 237 consecutive lung transplant recipients between 1990 and 2005 were reviewed. American Thoracic Society (ATS)/Infec...
Acute norovirus-induced agranulocytosis in a pediatric kidney transplant recipient.
Norovirus (NoV) infection is usually limited to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, in immunocompromised patients, this infection might lead to severe life-threatening complications. We herein describe a pediatric kidney transplant patient who presented with an acute NoV infection complicated by febrile agranulocytosis that resolved with improvement of her GI illness. This unusual presentation has not been described before, to our knowledge. The aim of this article is to highlight the sometimes dramat...
Newer nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs) have better resistance profiles making hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG)-sparing protocol an attractive prophylactic approach against hepatitis B virus (HBV) recurrence after liver transplantation (LT). We evaluated the risk of HBV recurrence after withdrawal of HBIG in patients who had been under HBIG plus NUCs after LT. Stable patients without HBV recurrence after LT while receiving combination of HBIG plus NUCs for at least 12 months were eligible for HBIG discontinu...
