PubMed Journal Database | Veterinary parasitology 
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Showing PubMed Articles 1–25 of 676 from Veterinary parasitology
Survey of Trichinella infections in domestic pigs from northern and eastern Henan, China.
The aim of this work was to investigate the current situation of Trichinella infections in swine in the cities of Anyang and Shanqiu in the Henan province historically designated as trichinellosis-free. A total of 475 diaphragm muscle samples were collected from 2010 to 2011 and examined by trichinelloscopy and artificial digestion. No Trichinella larvae were detected by trichinelloscopy; however, using the digestion method, 3.79% (18/475) of domestic pigs were deemed positive for Trichinella. Among the 475...
Trichinella spiralis infection confers effective resistance to tumor cell expansion. In this study, a T7 phage cDNA display library was constructed to express genes encoded by T. spiralis. Organic phase multi-cell screening was used to sort through candidate proteins in a transfected human chronic myeloid leukemia cell line (K562) and a human hepatoma cell line (H7402) using the display library. The protein encoded by the A200711 gene was identified and analyzed using protein analysis software. To test the...
Unique antigenic gene expression at different developmental stages of Trichinella pseudospiralis.
Parasite-induced and parasite-regulated larval capsule formation and host immunosuppression are two major characteristics that are unique in Trichinella spp. infections, but the molecule(s) and mechanism(s) that mediate these processes remain largely unknown. Trichinella pseudospiralis and Trichinella spiralis, are obviously different with respect to these two characteristics. A comparative study of these two species, in particular their antigen expression profiles at different developmental stages (the mai...
Infection of mice with Trichinella spiralis redirects the mucosal immune system from a Th1 to a protective Th2 response with a reduction in the severity of trinitrobenzesulfonic acid-induced colonic damage. T. spiralis infection induced IL-10 production in a dose-dependent manner in oxazolone (OXZ)-induced colitis. This phenomenon may be responsible for the lack of efficacy of T. spiralis in the treatment of OXZ-induced colitis. These results indicate that if the source of increased IL-10 production is iden...
Trichinella pseudospiralis infection can modulate the immunological response of autoimmune and allergic diseases leading to the amelioration of these diseases. The present study was undertaken to compare immunity induced by adult worms and muscle larvae. Higher eosinophilia was observed from newborn larva (NBL) infection than from adult females while higher levels of IgE were observed in adult female infections over those induced by NBL. The IgG1 response to ES antigen was more prominent in infections with...
The purpose of this study was to determine the protein changes in Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae (ML) after in vitro co-culture with intestinal epithelial cells, and to analyze the changed proteins. Muscle larvae were incubated with HCT-8 cells for 18h and the ML soluble proteins were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Results showed that seven additional protein bands (123, 77, 58, 36, 30, 28 and 21kDa) were recognized by sera from infected mice after culture with HCT-8 cells. Three protein bands (...
Validation of a latex agglutination test for the detection of Trichinella infections in pigs.
An antigen detection kit (Trichin-L), based on latex agglutination and developed by the Bio-Rad company was validated at five European laboratories. The validation parameters included specificity, sensitivity, robustness and reproducibility. Specificity was evaluated by testing parasite antigens from five non-Trichinella parasites in addition to the Trichinella genus. To evaluate sensitivity, 10 pork samples spiked with 1, 3, 6 or 15 Trichinella larvae were tested in each laboratory. To evaluate the robustn...
Crocodiles are known reservoir hosts of Trichinella papuae and Trichinella zimbabwensis, two zoonotic parasites that also infect mammals. Since commercial crocodile farming represents a key source of income in several countries, it is important to monitor this nematode infection in both farmed crocodiles and in breeding stocks which are frequently introduced from the wild. For this purpose, an indirect ELISA was developed to detect the anti-Trichinella immune response in crocodile sera. New Zealand rabbits...
Ts87 is an immunodominant antigen that induces protective immunity against Trichinella spiralis larval challenge in mice. To determine if a combination of recombinant Ts87 protein and its coding DNA induces a stronger immune response in female C57BL/6 mice were immunized with 100μg of recombinant Ts87 protein plus its coding DNA cloned in vector pVAX1, or the same amount of recombinant protein or DNA only. Mouse subclass IgG responses showed that both co-immunized and single-immunized mice produced a balan...
Protein changes in Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae in vitro induced by bovine bile.
The purpose of this study was to investigate bovine bile induced protein changes within Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae (ML) in vitro. The larvae were activated by 5% raw bovine bile diluted in saline and in serum-free RPMI-1640 medium at 37°C in 5% CO2 for 2h and, respectively. The crude and excretory-secretory (ES) antigens from ML were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Following activation and comparison to blots of non-activated ML, blots of activated T. spiralis crude worm extract gave rise to...
Although larvae of the genus Trichinella are the most common parasite species detected in vertebrate muscles using artificial digestion, nematode larvae belonging to other genera are sometimes detected and incorrectly identified as Trichinella. However, it is often very difficult to identify these larvae at the species, genus or family level using microscopy because of the absence of specific morphological characters or cuticle damage, and the only means of identification is PCR and sequencing of specific m...
The opportunistic nature of Trichinella-Exploitation of new geographies and habitats.
For more than 100 years, Trichinella spiralis (former Trichina spiralis) was considered a zoonotic parasite of the domestic habitat involving pigs, synanthropic rats and humans. In the last 70 years, there has been increasing evidence that the biomass of nematodes of the genus Trichinella is greater in wild animals than in domestic animals. Omnivores and carnivores (mammals, birds and some reptiles), mainly those with cannibalistic and scavenger behaviour, act primarily as reservoirs for the 12 Trichinella...
Proficiency testing (PT) is the use of inter-laboratory comparisons to determine the performance of individual laboratories for specific tests or measurements, and to monitor a laboratory's performance. Participation in proficiency testing provides laboratories with an objective means of assessing and demonstrating the reliability of the data they are producing. To ensure the reliability of Trichinella detection and meat hygiene within the European Union and afford optimal protection to the consumer, PT is...
The presence of the parasite Trichinella spiralis in humans does not always manifest itself with obvious clinical symptoms; the clinical manifestations of trichinellosis are polymorphic and can cause diagnostic difficulties. Our aim was to identify risk factors that can be linked to the severity of the disease. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 143 cases of trichinellosis admitted to the Infectious Disease Hospital in Braşov, Romania during 2001-2008. We found that children 10 and younger were less...
The occurrence of trichinellosis in a resident of the Netherlands prompted us to examine the likelihood of this originating from infected rats in spite of prevailing biosecurity and testing procedures. In so doing, we sought to calculate the possible risks for trichinellosis in countries deemed non-endemic. The infection risk was determined by simulating a scenario from a reservoir of minimally contaminated wildlife to pigs to humans. Results indicate that humans might become infected even in the event that...
A study on the suitability of inactivated Trichinella spiralis larvae for proficiency samples.
The consumption of raw or undercooked Trichinella infected meat, especially pork and horse meat, can have important implications for public health. Therefore each animal carcass from a Trichinella susceptible species intended for human consumption must be examined for Trichinella. Laboratories carrying out testing of official control samples must undergo a quality assurance program and should regularly participate in proficiency testing schemes. To date, Trichinella proficiency samples are prepared with liv...
Trichinella: What is going on during nurse cell formation?
Recent molecular studies have revealed that many genes are mobilized during nurse cell formation, including those involved in activation and proliferation of satellite cells, dedifferentiation, cell cycle re-entry and arrest, apoptosis and transformation. This article reviews the kinetics of gene expression from a cellular biology point-of-view in an effort to dissect the complex events that lead to unusual pathological changes after a Trichinella infection.
Trichinella infections in different host species of an endemic district of Serbia.
Trichinella infections are endemic in the Balkan region of Europe. Though trichinellosis and agents thereof are serious problems for human health and animal husbandry, only a limited number of Trichinella isolates from Serbia have been identified at the species level so far. The aim of the present study was the surveillance and monitoring of Trichinella in domestic pigs and wild animals from the endemic district of Branicevo. Investigations performed during the 2009-2010 period revealed Trichinella infectio...
Trichinellosis is a disease that is difficult to diagnose because its symptoms are polymorphic and can be easily confused for several other diseases (Dupouy-Camet et al., 2002). Consuming pork from untested pigs bred in private households elevates risk of contracting trichinellosis. The aims of this paper were to document the frequency and character of misdiagnoses in a ten-year period in an endemic locale (Brasov County, Romania) and to determine whether implementation of an integrated surveillance program...
Protection against Trichinella infections has been achieved using various parasite antigens and adjuvants. Recently, we reported that immunization of mice with an attenuated Salmonella strain displaying a 30-mer peptide (residues 210-239) from the Trichinella spiralis gp43 antigen using the ShdA autotransporter induced partial protection against T. spiralis infection. To improve the efficacy of vaccination, we used the MisL autotransporter system to display the Ts30mer peptide on the surface of Salmonella e...
Albendazole and mebendazole are widely used in the treatment of trichinellosis; however, chemotherapy failure has been reported. In an effort to develop new anthelminthic compounds, we examined a previously synthesized 2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzimidazole derivative (1) that showed good in vitro activity against Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae but low in vivo efficacy. In order to improve the solubility of compound 1, an inclusion complex with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (1/HP-βCD) was prepared. Whe...
Inflammatory phenotype of the nurse cell harboring Trichinella spp.
The nurse cell (NC), formed from muscle cells upon infection with the parasitic nematode Trichinella spp. constitutes a confined habitat for muscle larvae of encapsulating species. Signaling pathway-directed analysis of microarray data allowed identification of the stage of NC cell cycle arrest as being of G1-like type, accompanied by cellular senescence. In accord with the specificity of senescent cellular systems, up-regulation of pro-inflammatory molecules was also found within the NC preparations. Poten...
Trichinella infection in Serbia in the first decade of the twenty-first century.
In Serbia, infection with Trichinella spp. has been recognized as a human health and animal husbandry problem for almost a century. The rate of swine infection gradually decreased from 0.14% to 0.02% between 2001 and 2010. For the past 5 years, Trichinella infections among swine were detected at levels higher than 0.05% in 3 districts of Serbia while prevalence persisted at lower levels for the rest of the country. During this 10-year period, there were 2257 cases of human trichinellosis, including 3 deaths...
TsDAF-21/Hsp90 is expressed in all examined stages of Trichinella spiralis.
Trichinella is an important parasitic nematode of animals worldwide. Heat shock proteins are ubiquitous in nature and allow organisms to quickly respond to environmental stress. A portion of the Tsdaf-21 gene, a Caenorhabditis elegans daf-21 homologue encoding heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) was cloned from Trichinella spiralis. The partial nucleotide sequence resided near the 5'-end of the gene and encoded a polypeptide of 254 amino acid residues harboring a HATPase-c superfamily domain and Hsp90 protein dom...
Freeze-tolerance of Trichinella muscle larvae in experimentally infected wild boars.
Freeze-tolerance of encapsulated Trichinella muscle larvae (ML) is mainly determined by Trichinella species, but is also influenced by host species, the age of the infection and the storage time and temperature of the infected meat. Moreover, the freeze-tolerance of the encapsulated species appears to be correlated to the development of thick capsule walls which increases with age. An extended infection period and the muscle composition in some hosts (e.g. herbivores) may provide freeze-avoiding matrices du...
