PubMed Journals Articles About "General Stress Sigma Factor RpoS Influences Time Required" 
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Showing "General stress sigma factor RpoS influences time required" PubMed Articles 1–25 of 88,000+
In stressful conditions, bacteria enter into the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state; in this state, they are alive but fail to grow on conventional media on which they normally grow and develop into colonies. The molecular basis underlying this state is unknown. We investigated the role of the alternative sigma factor RpoS (σ(38) ) in the VBNC induction using Salmonella Dublin, Salmonella Oranienburg and Salmonella Typhimurium LT2. VBNC was induced by osmotic stress in LT2 and Oranienburg. Dublin also...
Antitoxin DinJ influences the general stress response through transcript stabilizer CspE.
Antitoxins are becoming recognized as proteins that regulate more than their own synthesis; for example, we found previously that antitoxin MqsA of the Escherichia coli toxin/antitoxin (TA) pair MqsR/MqsA directly represses the gene encoding the stationary-phase sigma factor RpoS. Here, we investigated the physiological role of antitoxin DinJ of the YafQ/DinJ TA pair and found DinJ also affects the general stress response by decreasing RpoS levels. Corroborating the reduced RpoS levels upon producing DinJ,...
CspC regulates rpoS transcript levels and complements hfq deletions.
The general stress response in Escherichia coli is activated by several stress agents, including entering the stationary growth phase. This response constitutes a complex regulatory network in which a large number of genes are induced and others are repressed. The stress response is regulated by the alternative sigma factor sigma(S) encoded by the rpoS gene. The rpoS transcripts are substrates of the RNA binding protein, Hfq, which is essential for its translation. The rpoS mRNA is also a substrate of the c...
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) is the cause of typhoid fever, a food-borne disease that is prevalent worldwide, most particularly in developing countries. RNA polymerase sigma factors RpoE (σ(E)) and RpoS (σ(S)) govern transcription initiation of two sets of genes in Escherichia and Salmonella. It was previously suggested that some genes might be coregulated by RpoE and RpoS in Salmonella under conditions of environmental stress, but experimental evidence has been lacking. We therefore const...
Small, non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) regulate gene expression in Escherichia coli by base pairing with mRNAs and modulating translation and mRNA stability. The sRNAs DsrA and RprA stimulate the translation of the stress response transcription factor RpoS by base pairing with the 5' untranslated region of the rpoS mRNA. In this study, we found that the rpoS mRNA was unstable in the absence of DsrA and RprA and that expression of these sRNAs increased both the accumulation and the half-life of the rpoS mRNA. Mutati...
Integrating anaerobic/aerobic sensing and the general stress response through the ArcZ small RNA.
The alternative sigma factor RpoS responds to multiple stresses and activates a large number of genes that allow bacteria to adapt to changing environments. The accumulation of RpoS is regulated at multiple levels, including the regulation of its translation by small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs). A library of plasmids expressing each of 26 Escherichia coli sRNAs that bind Hfq was created to globally and rapidly analyse regulation of an rpoS-lacZ translational fusion. The approach can be easily applied to any gen...
The alternative stress response sigma factor sigma(H) has a role in regulation of the osmotic stress response and in morphological differentiation in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Its gene, sigH, is located in an operon with the gene encoding its anti-sigma factor UshX (PrsH). However, no gene with the similarity to an anti-anti sigma factor which may have a role in sigma(H) activation by a "partner switching" mechanism is located in the operon. By using a combination of several approaches including pull-d...
Vibrio alginolyticus, one of the most important opportunistic pathogens, can be detected in human being and marine animals. Like other bacteria, V. alginolyticus is able to adapt to a variety of stressful environmental changes. The alternate sigma factor RpoS, which is a regulator during stationary phase, plays an important role in surviving under these stressful situations in many bacteria. Sequence analysis reveals a 990 bp open reading frame which is predicted to encode a 330-amino-acid protein with 68%...
Previous work showed that about 85% of stress-induced mutations associated with DNA double-strand-break repair in carbon-starved Escherichia coli result from error-prone DNA polymerase (Pol) IV (DinB), controlled by the RpoS stress response, which upregulates dinB. We report that the remaining mutagenesis requires high-fidelity Pol II, and that this component also requires RpoS. The results identify a second DNA polymerase contributing to stress-induced mutagenesis and show that RpoS promotes mutagenesis by...
Sigma factors and promoters in Corynebacterium glutamicum.
The Corynebacterium glutamicum genome codes for 7 sigma subunits (factors) of RNA polymerase (RNAP): primary sigma factor SigA (σ(A)), primary-like SigB and 5 other alternative sigma factors (SigC, SigD, SigE, SigH and SigM). Each sigma factor is responsible for recognizing promoters of genes belonging to a regulon (sigmulon) involved in specific functions of the cell. Most promoters of C. glutamicum housekeeping genes are recognized by RNAP+σ(A), whereas σ(B) is involved in transcription of a large grou...
Two genes, prsI and arsI, are located divergently next to the sigI gene encoding alternative sigma factor σ(I) of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). The similarity of PrsI and ArsI to anti-sigma and anti-anti-sigma factors, respectively, suggests that both putative regulators may be involved in regulation of σ(I). By using a combination of several approaches including bacterial two-hybrid assays, pull-down assay and visualization of the complex by native polyacrylamide electrophoresis, we demonstrated that Pr...
UspB, a member of the sigma-S regulon, facilitates RuvC resolvase function.
A growing body of evidence shows that there is an intimate connection between proteins required for genome stability and stationary phase survival. In this work we show that the integral membrane protein UspB, a member of the RpoS regulon, is required for proper DNA repair as mutants lacking uspB are hypersensitive to several DNA damaging agents including ultraviolet light, mitomycin C, bleomycin and ciprofloxacin. Genetic and physical studies demonstrate that UspB acts in the RuvABC recombination repair pa...
Many of the important changes in evolution are regulatory in nature. Sequenced bacterial genomes point to flexibility in regulatory circuits but we do not know how regulation is remodeled in evolving bacteria. Here, we study the regulatory changes that emerge in populations evolving under controlled conditions during experimental evolution of Escherichia coli in a phosphate-limited chemostat culture. Genomes were sequenced from five clones with different combinations of phenotypic properties that coexisted...
Bacillus subtilis encodes seven extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors. Three (sigma(M), sigma(W) and sigma(X)) mediate responses to cell envelope active antibiotics. The functions of sigma(V), sigma(Y), sigma(Z), and sigma(YlaC) remain largely unknown, and strong inducers of these sigma factors and their regulons have yet to be defined. Here, we define transcriptomic and phenotypic differences under non-stress conditions between strains carrying deletions in all seven ECF sigma factor genes (Delta7E...
A large number of drugs are known to bind with high affinity to sigma receptors (sigma-Rs) and have been used in the clinic to treat mental disorders for many years. However, recent publications highlighting sigma-R overexpression in many cancer tissues suggest potential applications for sigma-R ligands in cancer diagnosis and therapy. The present review focuses on the involvement of sigma-Rs in cancer biology and the potential therapeutic contributions of their pharmacologic ligands in oncology. After summ...
Hfq is a global regulatory RNA-binding protein. We have identified and characterized an atypical Hfq required for gene regulation and infectivity in the Lyme disease spirochete Borreliaburgdorferi. Sequence analyses of the putative B. burgdorferi Hfq protein revealed only a modest level of similarity with the Hfq from Escherichia coli, although a few key residues are retained and the predicted tertiary structure is similar. Several lines of evidence suggest that the B. burgdorferibb0268 gene encodes a funct...
ProQ Is an RNA Chaperone that Controls ProP Levels in Escherichia coli.
Transporter ProP mediates osmolyte accumulation in Escherichia coli cells exposed to high osmolality media. The cytoplasmic ProQ protein amplifies ProP activity by an unknown mechanism. The N- and C-terminal domains of ProQ are predicted to be structurally similar to known RNA chaperone proteins FinO and Hfq from E. coli. Here we demonstrate that ProQ is an RNA chaperone, binding RNA and facilitating both RNA strand exchange and RNA duplexing. Experiments performed with the isolated ProQ domains showed that...
Exposure to high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is increasingly being used in food preservation as a non-thermal pasteurization process, and its further implementation necessitates a more thorough understanding of bacterial resistance development and intraspecies variability with regard to inactivation by HHP. In this report, we discovered that exposure to high hydrostatic pressure stress can rapidly select for strongly increased RpoS activity in a hypersensitive Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain (ATCC 43888), le...
Role of the RNA-binding protein Hfq in Serratia plymuthica.
The RNA-binding protein Hfq has been well studied as a global post-transcriptional regulator which controls diverse cellular processes in bacteria. However, the function in the genus of Serratia has remained unexplored. Here we show that beyond mutation in Hfq resulting in their growth defects, Hfq has global effects on a variety of biocontrol-related phenotypes in the endophytic strain G3 of Serratia plymuthica, including antifungal activity, production of exoenzymes, as well as motility and biofilm format...
Sigma-1 receptors are associated with Alzheimer's disease, major depressive disorders, and schizophrenia. These receptors show progrowth/antiapoptotic properties via their chaperoning functions to counteract ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress, to block neurodegeneration, and to regulate neuritogenesis. The sigma-1 receptor knock out mouse offered an opportunity to assess possible mechanisms by which the sigma-1 receptor modulates cellular oxidative stress. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic screeni...
The stationary phase sigma factor sigmaS (RpoS) controls a regulon required for general stress resistance of the closely related enterobacteria Salmonella and Escherichia coli. The sigmaS-dependent yncC gene encodes a putative DNA binding regulatory protein. Application of the Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization -time of flight (SELDI-TOF) ProteinChip technology for proteome profiling of wild-type and mutant strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium revealed potential protein targets for Y...
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is an important pathogen, and exhibits considerable resistance to the lethal effects of solar radiation. To evaluate the involvement of the RpoS transcription factor in the defense mechanisms of this organism, the sunlight response of a wild type strain (ATCC14028) was compared with that of an rpoS mutant, which exhibited increased sensitivity. Kinetics of cell death was complex in both strains, probably due to the presence of a variety of targets for the radiation. W...
An alternative sigma factor governs the principal sigma factor in Streptomyces griseus.
In bacteria, the RNA polymerase holoenzyme comprises a five-subunit core enzyme and a dissociable subunit, sigma factor, which is responsible for transcriptional initiation. The filamentous bacterium Streptomyces griseus has 52 sigma factors, including one essential "principal" sigma factor (σ(HrdB) ) that is responsible for the transcription of housekeeping genes. Here we characterized an alternative sigma factor (σ(ShbA) ), which is highly conserved within the genus Streptomyces. A σ(ShbA) -deficient m...
A series of N-(benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)-N'-benzylpiperazines bearing alkyl or fluoroalkyl aryl ethers were synthesized and evaluated at various central nervous system receptors. Examination of in vitro sigma(1) {[(3)H](+)-pentazocine} and sigma(2) ([(3)H]DTG) receptor binding profiles of piperazines 11-13 and 25-36 revealed several highly potent and sigma(1) selective ligands, notably, N-(benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)-N'-(4'-methoxybenzyl)piperazine (13, K(i) = 2.7 nM, sigma(2)/sigma(1) = 38) and N-(benzofuran-2-ylm...
The sensitivity of Bacillus subtilis to diverse antimicrobial compounds is influenced by Abh.
Abh is a transition state regulator of Bacillus subtilis that controls biofilm formation and the production of several diverse antimicrobial compounds. Using a high-throughput non-biased technique, we show for the first time that Abh influences the sensitivity of B. subtilis to diverse antimicrobial compounds. Following up on these findings with a combination of classical genetics and antibiotic susceptibility assays, we demonstrate that Abh influences cellular processes such as the remodelling of the cell...
