PubMed Journals Articles About "Photosensitivity Current Biological Overview"

Photosensitivity: a current biological overview.

Context: The level of interest in photoirritation (phototoxicity) has increased because of the awareness among the scientific community of the increase in the UV portion of the solar spectrum reaching the earth. The need of new chemicals and drugs puts pressure on pre-test methods for side effects, especially interactive adverse effects with UV light. So pre-marketing clinical trials conducted before a new drug is licensed are essential, as such, at the early phases of the discovery process of the drug/chem...

Photoresponsive block copolymer photonic gels with widely tunable photosensitivity by counter-ions.

Block copolymer photonic crystals comprising polyelectrolyte hydrogels exhibit strong reflective multicolors in response to near-UV radiation. Due to unique volume transition of swollen gels, the photonic gels show high photosensitivity, and which can be widely tunable by exchanging counter-anions. Multicolor photonic patterns created by photolithography can be repeatedly fixated and reactivated by sequentially exchanging counter-anions with different photosensitivity.

Pd-nanoparticle-decorated ZnO nanowires: ultraviolet photosensitivity and photoluminescence properties.

ZnO nanowires (NWs) have been decorated with Pd nanoparticles of sizes less than 10 nm (Pd-ZnO NWs) via a chemical solution route. The microstructural characterizations have been done using field emission scanning electron and high-resolution transmission electron microscopes. The effects of attaching Pd nanoparticles to the walls of ZnO NWs have been investigated by studying the ultraviolet (UV) photosensitivity and photoluminescence (PL) properties. The surface-modified NWs show a UV photosensitivity mor...

Comprehensive understanding of structure- photosensitivity relationships of photochromic 2.2paracyclophane-bridged imidazole dimers.

The photochromic [2.2]paracyclophane-bridged imidazole dimers show instantaneous coloration upon exposure to UV light and rapid fading in the dark. Experimental details for the enhancement of the photosensitivity and the unique photoisomerization of newly designed [2.2]paracyclophane-bridged imidazole dimers are demonstrated. We explored the structure-property relationships and demonstrated an efficient strategy for designing high-performance fast-photochromic molecules with increased photosensitivity to so...

Plant signalling pathways: a comparative evolutionary overview.

Multiphoton Reactive Surfaces Using Ruthenium(II) Photocleavable Cages.

Photoreactive surfaces derived from a new photocleavable surface modification agent and with photosensitivity in the Vis and IR region are described. A ruthenium(II) caged aminosilane, [Ru(bpy)(2)(PMe(3))(APTS)](PF(6))(2), was synthesized and attached to silica surfaces. Light irradiation removed the cage and generated surface patterns with reactive amine groups. The photosensitivity of this compound under single (460 nm) and two-photon (900) excitation is demonstrated. Functional patterns with site-selecti...

A review of UVA-mediated photosensitivity disorders.

A number of skin conditions are characterised by photosensitivity to UVA. Some of these are exclusively UVA-mediated conditions, while others include UVA in the action spectrum which also include UVB and/or visible light. This review aims to describe this diverse range of conditions for non-dermatologist scientists with an interest in this topic. As such, clinical details, including treatments, are brief and succinct. Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of these conditions is highlighted.

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of MAMDC1 are associated with rash and photosensitivity, but not disease risk, of systemic lupus erythematosus in Chinese mainland population.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex immune disease affected by both genetic dispositions and environmental factors. Recently, the polymorphisms in MAMDC1 gene have been reported to associate with disease risk of SLE in European population. However, whether this association is replicated in Chinese population is unknown yet. A total of 491 SLE patients and 533 controls were recruited. Unlabeled probe-based high-resolution melting analysis (HRMA) was used in genotyping. HRMA with unlabeled probe s...

The social determinants of early child development: An overview.

Aim: This paper offers an overview of the current state of knowledge of the critical social determinants of child development and the complex ways in which these can influence health trajectories. Methods: We conducted an overview of the research conducted by medical and social scientists in the attempt to uncover the conditions under which children reach optimal health and developmental. Results: The first years of life represent a critical period during which trajectories of health vulnerability are deter...

Ultraviolet A and photosensitivity during vemurafenib therapy.

Novel and Recurrent FERMT1 Gene Mutations in Kindler Syndrome.

Kindler syndrome (OMIM 173650) is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by skin blistering, skin atrophy, photosensitivity, colonic inflammation and mucosal stenosis. Fewer than 100 cases have been described in the literature. First reported in 1954, the molecular basis of Kindler syndrome was elucidated in 2003 with the discovery of FERMT1 (KIND1) loss-of-function mutations in affected individuals. The FERMT1 gene encodes kindlin-1 (also known as fermitin family homologue 1), a 77 kDa protein that...

Photonic crystals: photoresponsive block copolymer photonic gels with widely tunable photosensitivity by counter-ions (adv. Mater. 23/2012).

Block copolymer photonic gels exhibiting multiple colors in response to near-UV radiation are demonstrated by Y. Kang and co-workers on page OP 127. The counterions pairing with the polyelectrolyte in the gel layers determine the photosensitivity of photonic gels. The simple replacement of ions can make the photonic gels either highly sensitive or insensitive to near-UV. The illustration shows ionic signaling giving "STOP" and "GO" cues for the photoresponse of these photonic gels.

Coplanar asymmetrical reduced graphene oxide-titanium electrodes for polymer photodetectors.

Narrow gaps and a "built-in" potential originating from the different work functions of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and titanium electrodes are used to explain the improved photosensitivity of the poly(3-hexylthiophene) photodetectors with asymmetrical RGO-Ti electrodes presented here compared to those based on symmetrical electrodes. Easy processing, high photosensitivity, high on/off ratio, and low energy consumption contribute to the promising potential of coplanar asymmetrical electrodes in the field o...

Photochromic Properties of 2.2Paracyclophane-Bridged Imidazole Dimer with Increased Photosensitivity by Introducing Pyrenyl Moiety.

The photochromic [2.2]paracyclophane-bridged imidazole dimers show instantaneous coloration upon exposure to UV light and rapid fading in the dark. A new [2.2]paracyclophane-bridged imidazole dimer, pseudogem-PPI-DPI[2.2]PC, with high photosensitivity to UVA radiation was developed. To enhance the photosensitivity, we introduced pyrenyl moieties to the [2.2]paracyclophane-bridged imidazole dimer. The localized π-π* transition of pyrenyl moieties appears in the UVA radiation region by introducing a pyrenyl...

Highly sensitive and spatially resolved polyvinyl alcohol/acrylamide photopolymer for real-time holographic applications.

By employing low molecular-weight polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as binder, the spatial resolution of a red-sensitive PVA/acrylamide based photopolymer are improved from 1000 lines/mm to 3000 lines/mm. By increasing the ambient temperature during the holographic recording, the photosensitivity of photopolymer is also increased about 5 times. The optimized photopolymer system has high capacity such as high photosensitivity (8 mJ/cm(2)), high spatial resolution (over 3000 lines/mm) and high diffraction efficiency (o...

Current understanding and importance of histone phosphorylation in regulating chromatin biology.

The core histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, undergo various post-translational modifications, such as acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation. Core histone phosphorylation has roles in several biological responses, including transcription, mitosis, DNA repair and apoptosis. Histone phosphorylation may disrupt chromatin structure and/or provide a 'code' for the recruitment or occlusion of non-histone chromosomal proteins to chromatin. Among the better-characterized histone phosphorylation events are the phos...

Mesalazine-induced photosensitivity.

Photosensitivities of rhodopsin mutants with a displaced counterion.

Visual pigments consist of a protein moiety opsin and an 11-cis-retinal chromophore that is covalently bound to the opsin via a Schiff base linkage. They have a high photosensitivity, which can be attributed to the high probability of photon absorption and the high photoisomerization quantum yield of the retinal chromophore. Both of these parameters are regulated by the opsin, though the precise mechanism is unknown. We previously found that counterion residue E113, which stabilizes the proton on the Schiff...

Human hand modelling: kinematics, dynamics, applications.

An overview of mathematical modelling of the human hand is given. We consider hand models from a specific background: rather than studying hands for surgical or similar goals, we target at providing a set of tools with which human grasping and manipulation capabilities can be studied, and hand functionality can be described. We do this by investigating the human hand at various levels: (1) at the level of kinematics, focussing on the movement of the bones of the hand, not taking corresponding forces into ac...

Wound dressings : Overview and classification.

Wound dressing and wound management are key words in current wound treatment. An unmanageably high number of products causes more confusion than clarification. Under continuous cost pressure in healthcare services, the choice of adequate wound management for long-term wound treatment, especially concerning chronic wounds, is crucial. This article presents an overview of the available wound dressings.

Ruthenium complex containing block copolymer for the enhancement of carbon nanotube photoconductivity.

We report the synthesis of a multifunctional block copolymer incorporated with pyrene and ruthenium terpyridyl thiocyanato complex moieties by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The pyrene block in the copolymer facilitates the dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in DMF solution because of the strong π-π interaction between the pyrene moieties and nanotube surface. On the other hand, the ruthenium complexes greatly enhance the photosensitivity of the functionalized nan...

The current status of decision-making procedures and quality assurance in Europe: an overview.

The 2005 Report on Social Responsibility and Health of the UNESCO International Bioethics Committee (Ibc) proposes a new approach to implementing the right to healthcare and suggests a number of Courses of Action to be followed in various fields. Based on the latest available data, we intend to present an overview of the current state of European health systems in two of those fields-decision-making procedures and quality assurance in health care-and to attempt a comparison of the situation with the Report'...

Identification and quantification of fat compartments with CT and MRI and their importance.

In addition to being overweight, as defined by the BMI, the distribution, composition and biological activity of adipose tissue are key elements in the cardiovascular risk stratification of patients. Several non-invasive techniques have been developed to quantify local fat depots, whereby computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the most important. In general adipose tissue is subdivided into subcutaneous and visceral compartments and although both are associated with cardiovascular...

Activation of the Tectofugal Visual System in Pied Flycatcher Nestlings at the Early Stages of Development of Feeding Behavior Guided by Diffuse Photosensitivity.

Immunohistochemical detection of c-Fos protein on serial frontal sections of pied flycatcher nestling brains was used to map visual structures involved in the sensory support of the early forms of feeding behavior. Quantitative analysis of c-Fos protein content was performed in the higher representations of the thalamofugal (Wulst) and tectofugal (entopallium) visual projections in visually directed feeding behavior in six-day-old nestlings with diffuse photosensitivity. Feeding behavior-evoked induction of...

High-speed atomic force microscopy coming of age.

High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) is now materialized. It allows direct visualization of dynamic structural changes and dynamic processes of functioning biological molecules in physiological solutions, at high spatiotemporal resolution. Dynamic molecular events unselectively appear in detail in an AFM movie, facilitating our understanding of how biological molecules operate to function. This review describes a historical overview of technical development towards HS-AFM, summarizes elementary devic...