PubMed Journals Articles About "Placebo Diazepam Seizures" 
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Showing "Placebo Diazepam Seizures" PubMed Articles 1–25 of 4,300+
Objective-To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of diazepam administered per rectum via compounded (ie, not commercially available) suppositories and determine whether a dose of 2 mg/kg in this formulation would result in plasma concentrations shown to be effective for control of status epilepticus or cluster seizures (ie, 150 to 300 ng/mL) in dogs within a clinically useful interval (10 to 15 minutes). Animals-6 healthy mixed-breed dogs. Procedures-Dogs were randomly assigned to 2 groups of 3 dogs each in a cro...
KuKanich, B., Nauss, J. L. Pharmacokinetics of the cytochrome P-450 substrates phenytoin, theophylline, and diazepam in healthy Greyhound dogs. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01316.x. The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin, theophylline, and diazepam in six healthy Greyhound dogs. Additionally, the pharmacokinetics of the diazepam metabolites, oxazepam and nordiazepam, after diazepam administration was determined. Phenytoin sodium (12 mg/kg),...
Nakken KO, Lossius MI. Buccal midazolam or rectal diazepam for treatment of residential adult patients with serial seizure or status epilepticus. Acta Neurol Scand: DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2010.01474.x. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Objectives - To compare the efficacy and tolerability of buccal midazolam with rectal diazepam as emergency treatment in residential adults with convulsive or non-convulsive serial seizures or status epilepticus (SE), and ascertain the preference between the two treatment...
Intravenous Diazepam, Midazolam and Lorazepam in Acute Seizure Control.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of three benzodiazepine drugs: Lorazepam, Midazolam and Diazepam, when given parenterally in the control of acute seizure. METHODS: One hundred and twenty children of either sex in the age group 6 month to 14 years brought convulsing to the pediatric emergency services, were enrolled in the study. These were randomised to three equal groups of 40 patients each; Group A-received diazepam, Group B-received midazolam, Group C-received lorazepam. End of seizure e...
Anaesthetic potency of diazepam is resistant to cholinergic overstimulation.
Patients suffering from organophosphorus intoxication are compromised by generalised seizures and respiratory insufficiency, either being potentially lethal. In these patients induction of general anaesthesia to allow artificial ventilation is an important therapeutic option. Previously, it has been demonstrated that cholinergic overstimulation impaired network depressing effects of etomidate and sevoflurane. In this study we tested the impact of cholinergic overstimulation on inhibitory effects of diazepam...
PURPOSE: This study assessed the comparative efficacy of pregabalin for refractory partial seizures. METHODS: Four-hundred and thirty-four patients with partial seizures were randomized to pregabalin, lamotrigine, or placebo as adjunctive therapy for 17 weeks of double-blind treatment. In phase I (11 weeks), pregabalin was titrated over 1 week and lamotrigine over 5 weeks to fixed dosages of 300mg/day for both. In phase II (6 weeks), patients not yet seizure-free were increased to pregabalin 600mg/day or la...
β-Cyclodextrin conjugated magnetic nanoparticles for diazepam removal from blood.
β-CD conjugated magnetic nanoparticles that serve as a hemoadsorbent for diazepam removal are fabricated. The diazepam is arrested by the conjugated β-CD and then the adsorbed diazepam is efficiently removed by an external magnetic field. These particles have potential applications in hemoperfusion or separation of other toxins and drugs.
Flow-injection chemiluminescence determination of diazepam by oxidation with N-bromosuccinimide.
A rapid and sensitive flow-injection chemiluminescence (FI-CL) method is described for the determination of diazepam based on its reaction with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in alkaline medium in the presence of dichlorofluorescein (DCF) as an effective energy-transfer agent. Under optimum conditions, the proposed method allowed the measurement of diazepam over the range of 2.0 × 10(-6) to 2.0 × 10(-4) mol/L with a detection limit of 5.0 × 10(-7) mol/L. The relative standard deviation for 11...
BACKGROUND: In the UK, two treatment options are used for acute epileptic seizures in the community-rectal diazepam and unlicensed buccal midazolam. In practice, the former is rarely used, with unlicensed buccal midazolam being widely recommended and prescribed by physicians. In September 2011, Buccolam(®) (licensed midazolam oromucosal solution) became the first medicine to receive a Paediatric-Use Marketing Authorization (PUMA) and it is indicated for the treatment of prolonged, acute, convulsive seizure...
This study investigated the influence of diazepam on the binding characteristics of adrenoceptor, muscarinic and benzodiazepine receptors in rat parotid gland membrane using a radioligand binding assay. At a concentration of >10(-6)M, diazepam competed with [(3)H]dihydroalprenolol for β-adrenoceptor, but not [(3)H]prazosin for α-adrenoceptor or [(3)H]quinuclidinyl benzilate for muscarinic receptor. Continuous administration of diazepam at doses of 0.4mg/kg/day, i.p. for 7days in rat significantly decrease...
Phenobarbital versus diazepam for delirium tremens - a retrospective study.
INTRODUCTION: Delirium tremens (DT) is a severe and potentially fatal condition that may occur during withdrawal from chronic alcohol intoxication. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects and the rates of complications of phenobarbital and diazepam treatment in DT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were collected retrospectively from the medical files of patients who had received DT treatment (n = 194) at two psychiatric departments located in the general Copenhagen area in the 1998-2006 period...
Progesterone vs placebo therapy for women with epilepsy: A randomized clinical trial.
OBJECTIVE: To assess progesterone treatment of intractable seizures in women with partial epilepsy. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III, multicenter, clinical trial compared the efficacy and safety of adjunctive cyclic natural progesterone therapy vs placebo treatment of intractable seizures in 294 subjects randomized 2:1 to progesterone or placebo, stratified by catamenial and noncatamenial status. It compared treatments on proportions of ≥50% responders and changes in s...
Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures in an epilepsy surgery unit.
INTRODUCTION. The psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) represent a significant percentage of patients in different units of epilepsy surgery. AIMS. To analyze the characteristics of patients with PNES and compared with epileptic patients, to analyze the early response to the application of placebo and to discuss the multidisciplinary approach to these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS. 408 patients, candidates for epilepsy surgery in the last nine years, were retrospectively evaluated. All patients were s...
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channels modulate the anxiolytic effect of diazepam.
The present study investigated the interaction between the vanilloid and GABAergic systems on anxiety. Swiss mice were subjected to social interaction test, an animal model for assessing anxiety-related behavior, after intracerebroventricular administration of capsaicin, (TRPV1 agonist) or capsazepine, (TRPV1 antagonist) either alone or in combination with traditional anxiolytic drug, diazepam. Results showed that capsaicin (1, 10, and 100μg/mouse) decreased the interaction time exhibiting an anxiogenic-li...
Determining the minimal duration of status epilepticus (SE) that leads to the development of subsequent spontaneous seizures (i.e., epilepsy) is important, because it provides a critical time-window for seizure intervention and epilepsy prevention. In the present study, male ICR (Imprinting Control Region) mice were injected with pilocarpine to induce acute seizures. SE was terminated by diazepam at 10 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h and 4 h after seizure onset. Spontaneous seizures occurred in the 1, 2 and 4 h SE gr...
Aim. To elucidate the involvement of noradrenergic system in the mechanism by which diazepam suppresses basal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Methods. Plasma corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels were determined in female rats treated with diazepam alone, as well as with diazepam in combination with clonidine (α( 2)-adrenoreceptor agonist), yohimbine (α( 2)-adrenoreceptor antagonist), alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (α-MPT, an inhibitor of catecholamine synthesis), or r...
Anxiolytic-like Effect of α-Asarone in Mice.
The effects of α-asarone in four assays predictive of anxiolytic activity in male mice were studied, with diazepam as a positive anxiolytic control. The use of the elevated plus-maze test revealed that diazepam (2 mg/kg) or α-asarone (3.5 mg/kg) increased the percentage of entries into open arms and of the time spent on open arms. In the light/dark transition test, as with 2 mg/kg diazepam, 7 mg/kg α-asarone increased the time spent in the light area and the number of transitions between the two...
Clinical practice : The treatment of acute convulsive seizures in children.
An adequate early treatment of a long-lasting convulsive seizure is critical in reducing potential morbidity, and in particular, brain damage. In pre-hospital settings the use of benzodiazepines should become standard. Nowadays, rectal diazepam is used frequently, but midazoloam and lorazepam are becoming more popular, both being given either intranasally or orally. The buccal route is to be preferred because of its easy use and high efficacy. A generally accepted policy for early treatment of convulsive se...
Does Melatonin Affect Epileptic Seizures?
Melatonin is widely used for sleep disorders in patients with a range of developmental disorders and neurodisabilities, who also frequently have epilepsy. The aim of our review was to examine published data to assess the evidence for melatonin affecting seizure control. The literature search revealed 26 papers apparently reporting an association between melatonin and epilepsy or seizures but seven of these did not provide relevant information. Of the three double-blind, randomised, controlled trials, two sh...
Differential diagnosis of epileptic seizures.
The differential diagnoses of epileptic seizures depend on the different semiologies of the respective seizures. Patient history and history of witnesses are of foremost importance in the differentiation. When seizures recur, they are more easily distinguished than single seizures. Diagnostic methods like EEG and eventually EEG video monitoring will help in the differentiation when clinical information and patient history do not allow a clear diagnosis. We present the most common differential diagnoses and...
Whether benzodiazepines (BZDs) have beneficial effects on the progress of chronic stress-induced impairment of hippocampal structural plasticity and major depression is uncertain. The present study designed four preclinical experiments to determine the effects of BZDs using chronic unpredictable stress model. In Experiment 1, several time course studies on behavior and hippocampus response to stress were conducted using the forced swim and tail suspension tests (FST and TST) as well as hippocampal structura...
Cyclothiazide induces seizure behavior in freely moving rats.
We have previously demonstrated that cyclothiazide (CTZ) is a potent convulsant drug inducing robust epileptiform activity in hippocampal neurons both in vitro and in vivo. Here we further establish an animal model for CTZ-induced behavioral seizures in freely moving rats. Microinjection of CTZ into the left ventricle dose-dependently induced robust seizure behaviors within 3h after administration. At a dose of 0.75 μmol, CTZ induced Racine score IV-V seizure behaviors in 71% (n=14) of the rats were tested...
The present study was designed to explore the possible nitriergic influence and role of p38MAPK and NF-κB in the diminished anti-anxiety effect of diazepam in stressed mice, using the elevated plus maze and light/dark box to assess anxiety. Immobilization stress for 6 h enhanced an anxiety-like behavior and increased plasma nitrite levels in mice. Diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p.) produced an anti-anxiety effect in unstressed mice, but could not produce any change in anxiety levels of stressed mice. SB-203580 (2 mg...
OBJECTIVE: To compare intranasal midazolam, using a Mucosal Atomization Device (IN-MMAD), with rectal diazepam (RD) for the home treatment of seizures in children with epilepsy. DESIGN: Prospective randomized study. SETTING: Patients' homes and a freestanding children's hospital that serves as a referral center for 5 states. Patients A total of 358 pediatric patients who visited a pediatric neurology clinic from July 2006 through September 2008 and were prescribed a home rescue medication for their next sei...
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) has evolved into an important rapid, direct and non-invasive technique in drugs analysis. In this study, the suitability of NIR spectroscopy to identify two benzodiazepine derivatives, diazepam and flunitrazepam, and a synthetic opiate, methadone hydrochloride, inside USP vials and probe the solid-state form of diazepam presents in tablets has been explored. The results show the potential of NIR spectroscopy for rapid, in situ and non-destructive identification of drugs.
