PubMed Journal Database | Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987) 
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Showing PubMed Articles 1–25 of 26 from Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987)
Background Dual-energy CT (DECT) has been used to detect myocardial infarct. However, few comparable studies with histopathological findings as gold standard have been published. Purpose To investigate the accuracy of DECT iodine maps for detecting acute myocardial infarction compared with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in a canine model using histopathological findings as the reference standard. Material and Methods A model of myocardial ischemia was created by ligating the left anterio...
Background Self-expandable metallic stent placement is widely used to manage malignant gastroduodenal obstructions. However, there are difficulties in negotiating a guidewire (GW) and a stent delivery system (SDS). Purpose To investigate feasibility, usefulness, and safety of a guiding sheath for fluoroscopic stent placement in patients with malignant gastroduodenal obstructions. Material and Methods In July 2001 to August 2011, 726 patients with malignant gastroduodenal obstructions underwent stent placeme...
Musculoskeletal tuberculosis: are you ready to diagnose it?
Background: Incidentally detected adrenal lesions have become a growing clinical problem. Purpose: To prospectively estimate and validate the prevalence of incidentally detected adrenal lesions (adrenal incidentaloma) in patients with or without malignant disease undergoing CT. Material and Methods: During 18 months all adult patients with incidentally discovered adrenal lesions detected at CT were prospectively reported from the radiology departments of all hospitals in Western Sweden (1.66 million inhabit...
Low-dose radiation employed in diagnostic imaging causes genetic effects in cultured cells.
Background: Exposure to environmental, diagnostic, and occupational sources of radiation frequently involves low doses. Although these doses have no immediately noticeable impact on human health there is great interest in their long-term biological effects. Purpose: To assess immediate and time-delayed DNA damage in two cell lines exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation by using the comet assay and micronucleus test, and to compare these two techniques in the analysis of low-dose induced genotoxicity. Ma...
Background: Pediatric doses expressed in dose-area product (DAP) can be retrieved from only a few publications; most of which correlate DAP to patient size or large age spans. In clinical practice age is often the only available parameter describing the patient, and thus, evaluation of dose levels in pediatric radiology on the basis of DAP related to age alone would be useful in optimization work. Purpose: To provide comparable data on age-related DAP from thoracic and pelvic radiological examinations of ch...
Coronary calcification in patients with marker-positive acute coronary syndrome.
Background: The value of assessing coronary artery calcium (CAC) with regard to characterizing unstable coronary artery disease remains controversial. Purpose: To evaluate the amount of CAC in patients with an acute marker-positive coronary syndrome in segments containing the culprit lesion compared with the remote coronary segments. Material and Methods: Thirty-two patients with a marker-positive acute coronary syndrome were examined using electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT), selective coronary angiog...
Background: Effects of high iodine-concentration contrast material on the image quality of coronary CT angiography (CCTA) have not been well evaluated. Purpose: To compare the image quality and attenuation values of CCTA between patients administered iopromide 370 and iomeprol 400 with the use of 64-slice multidetector CT. Material and Methods: Patients were prospectively enrolled and were randomized into two groups (group A, 151 patients received iopromide 370, iodine flux = 1.48 g I/s; group B, 146 patien...
Early rebleeding after coiling of ruptured intracranial aneurysms.
Background: Early rebleeding after coiling of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm (IA) may cause disability or death. The incidence and predictors of early rebleeding have previously been sparsely investigated. Purpose: To assess the incidence and risk factors of early rebleeding after coiling of a ruptured IA and to analyze the outcome of the patients suffering early rehemorrhage. Material and Methods: The data of 194 consecutive acutely (within 3 days) coiled patients with saccular ruptured IAs were analyzed...
GE-145, a new low-osmolar dimeric radiographic contrast medium.
Background: Contrast-induced nephrotoxicity is a significant risk when using radiographic contrast media clinically, especially in high risk patients. Consequently, there is a need for a new contrast agent with improved clinical safety with regards to nephrotoxicity. Purpose: To evaluate the physicochemical properties as well as the preclinical safety and biodistribution parameters of the newly developed radiographic contrast medium GE-145. Material and Methods: Standard methods for radiographic contrast me...
Clinico-radio-pathologic features of a solitary solid renal mass at MDCT examination.
Background: Incidental detection of solid renal masses has been increasing since the multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scanner was introduced. Purpose: To evaluate the clinico-radio-pathologic features of a solitary solid renal mass at MDCT examination. Material and Methods: A total of 466 non-fatty solid renal masses in 466 patients undergoing nephrectomy were evaluated by MDCT examination. MDCT was performed before and after intravenous injection of contrast material. We obtained the incidences of...
Cerebral diffusion and perfusion deficits in North Sea divers.
Background: Diving is associated with a risk of cerebral decompression illness, and the prevalence of neurological symptoms is higher in divers compared with control groups. Microvascular dysfunction due to gas microembolism and exposure to hyperoxia are possible mechanisms, which may result in cerebral diffusion and perfusion deficits. Purpose: To investigate if possible functional derangements of the microvasculature and microstructure would be more prevalent among symptomatic divers. Material and Methods...
Regional presentation of hepatic diseases: CT and MR imaging findings of differential diagnosis.
Neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases may involve the liver with a regional distribution, which is defined as a non-focal process without any specific anatomic predilection. In this pictorial essay we review hepatic diseases commonly presenting with a regional distribution in the liver and describe the CT and MR imaging findings helpful for differential diagnosis. Knowledge of the characteristic imaging manifestations of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases affecting the liver regionally will facilitate a...
Background: Severe side effects caused by iodinated radiographic contrast media (CM) are rare, but can occur in high risk patients and during percutaneous coronary intervention. To minimize this risk a new nonionic CM with low inherent osmolality has been designed, giving room for a relatively high concentration of favorable electrolytes in the isotonic formulation. Purpose: To test a new radiographic CM (GE-145) in a pig model of cardiotoxicity by comparing its ventricular fibrillation (VF) propensity and...
The frequency of diagnostic errors in radiologic reports depends on the patient's age.
Background: Patients who undergo treatment may suffer preventable medical errors. Some of these errors are due to diagnostic imaging procedures. Purpose: To compare the frequency of diagnostic errors in different age groups in an urban European population. Material and Methods: A total of 19 129 reported radiologic examinations were included. During a 6-month period, the analyzed age groups were: children (aged 0-9 years), adults (40-49 years), and elderly (86-95 years). Results: The frequency of radiologic...
Background: In recent years, the use of peripheral transluminal angioplasty (PTA) procedures for revascularization of an ischemic limb has increased. Evaluation of reperfusion has been carried out by Doppler scan; however, a successful PTA does not necessarily result in improved oxygen delivery to the distal parts of the limb. Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of the revascularization in diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia after treatment with PTA by comparing transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcpO(2...
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging of breast.
When an X-ray wave traverses an object, its amplitude and phase change, resulting in attenuation, interference, and refraction, and in phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PCI) these are converted to intensity changes. The relative change of the X-ray phase per unit path length is even orders of magnitude larger than that of the X-ray amplitude, so that the image contrast based on variation of the X-ray phase is potentially much stronger than the contrast based on X-ray amplitude (absorption contrast). An importan...
Impact on image quality and radiation exposure in coronary CT angiography: 100 kVp versus 120 kVp.
Background: The risk of radiation-induced cancer has become a major concern with the increasing use of computed tomography (CT). Purpose: To compare image quality and radiation doses when decreasing X-ray tube peak kilovoltage (kVp) from 120 to 100 kVp in patients undergoing coronary CT angiography (CCTA). Material and Methods: Patients referred for evaluation of suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent 64-channel detector CCTA using a tube voltage of either 120 kVp (n = 46) or 100 kVp (n = 82). Th...
Variations of the ulnar nerve in Guyon's canal: in vivo demonstration using ultrasound and 3 T MRI.
Background: The clinical importance of Guyon's canal is emphasized due to the various branching patterns of the ulnar nerve. So far, the arborization pattern of the ulnar nerve in Guyon's canal has been investigated mostly by cadaveric studies. Purpose: To demonstrate anatomic variations of the ulnar nerve in Guyon's canal in vivo by using high definition ultrasound (US) and 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Material and Methods: US imaging and 3 T MRI with an 8-channel coil was applied to 30 hands of 1...
Diffusion tensor MRI of the kidney at 3.0 and 1.5 Tesla.
Background: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at 3 T provides information on the microstructure and pathophysiology of tissues that is not available from conventional imaging with an advantage of high signal to noise ratio (SNR). Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of DTI of the normal kidney at 3.0 T compared to results obtained at 1.5 T. Material and Methods: DTI of the normal kidney of 15 healthy volunteers obtained with 3.0 and 1.5 T scanners using respiration-triggered acquisition was examined. Fractiona...
Background: The presence of lymph node metastases (LNMs) is one of the most important prognostic factors in breast cancer. Purpose: To correlate a detailed catalog of 17 descriptors in breast MRI (bMRI) with the presence of LNMs and to identify useful combinations of such descriptors for the prediction of LNMs using a dedicated decision tree. Material and Methods: A standardized protocol and study design was applied in this IRB-approved study (T1-weighted FLASH; 0.1 mmol/kg body weight Gd-DTPA; T2-weighted...
Changes in brain FDG metabolism induced by acupuncture in healthy volunteers.
Background: With the aid of newly developed functional brain imaging studies, studies are ongoing to see if acupuncture first acts on specific brain areas to induce effects on the human body. Purpose: To examine if stimulation at specific acupuncture points changes brain glucose metabolism patterns, including the limbic system and specific brain areas related to the acupuncture effect in healthy volunteers using fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT). Mater...
Background: Cardiac output (CO) is inversely related to vascular contrast medium (CM) enhancement during computed tomography (CT). Impedance cardiography with a new technique, electrical velocimetry (EV), may create opportunities to measure CO pre-examination for adaptation of CM injection parameters. Purpose: To relate CO(EV) measured by radiology staff to aortic attenuation as a measure of coronary artery attenuation during CT coronary angiography (CTCA), and to formulate a tentative statistical model to...
Background: In breast MRI (bMRI), prediction of lymph node metastases (N+) on the basis of dynamic and morphologic descriptors of breast cancers remains a complex task. Purpose: To predict N+ using an artificial neural network (ANN) on the basis of 17 previously published descriptors of breast lesions in bMRI. Material and Methods: Standardized protocol and study design were applied in this study (T1w-FLASH; 0.1 mmol/kg body weight Gd-DTPA; T2w-TSE; histological verification after bMRI). All lesions were ev...
Background: In TNM staging of rectal cancer by MRI, unspecific extracellular contrast agent Gd-DTPA is established for extrahepatic and vascular enhancement whereas liver-specific gadoxetic acid has proven high accurate detection of liver metastasis. Purpose: To compare intraindividually the qualification and quantification of enhancement in liver parenchyma, abdominal, pulmonary, and pelvic vessels between gadoxetic acid and Gd-DTPA. Material and Methods: Sixteen patients with histologically proven rectal...
