Fluoride Varnish in the Prevention of Dental Caries in Aboriginal and Non-aboriginal Children
Summary
The purpose of this study is to determine whether semi-annual fluoride varnish applications combined with caregiver counseling are effective in preventing and reducing a severe form of dental decay, known as early childhood caries, in native and non-native children aged 6 months to 5 years.
Description
Early childhood caries (ECC) is by far the most common chronic disease among Canadian Aboriginal children, affecting nearly 90% of First Nations preschoolers in Ontario. It is the number one cause of oral health disparities between native and non-native children. ECC negatively impacts on the quality of life of children suffering from the disease and the caregivers and family members who care for them. To address the problem of ECC, a range of health promotion campaigns, including parent education aimed at balancing the knowledge and values of First Nations communities with the recommendations of the scientific community, have been implemented but these initiatives have had limited success in reducing the impact of ECC and its treatment.
While oral health promotion campaigns have raised awareness of the severity of ECC among these communities, the literature shows that for this age cohort, increasing host resistance through professionally applied topical fluoride (PATF) applications at regular intervals may achieve better results. Of all the PATF methods, slow-release fluoride varnish may be the most practical alternative to the use of gels, foams and rinses, as it decreases the risk of fluoride ingestion and is associated with greater patient acceptability. Fluoride varnish has shown promise as a caries reduction agent but more evidence for the effectiveness of this intervention is needed, particularly for high-caries-risk populations like those in Aboriginal communities.
The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of fluoride varnish (Duraflor, 5% NaF, Pharmascience) combined with caregiver counseling in preventing and reducing ECC in Aboriginal communities, in a 2-year randomized controlled trial. Methods: The trial enrolled 1226 children aged 6 months to 5 years from the Sioux Lookout Zone (SLZ) First Nations reserves and 149 from Thunder Bay (NW Ontario). Twenty First Nations communities were randomized to 2 study groups; families in both groups received oral health counseling and restorative dental care provided by the SLZ Dental Program - one group received no fluoride varnish (FV0) and the other received FV 2-3×/yr. The same subjects were examined for the dmft/s indices by trained and calibrated dental hygienists in 2003, 2004 and 2005. A caregiver questionnaire assessed the impact of ECC on the quality of life of the child and the family. The SLZ Hospital provided data on children's dental general anesthetic (GA) procedures. Comparative cross-sectional oral health data for 416 (2003), 687 (2004) and 544 (2005) 3-5 yr-olds attending Junior Kindergarten in Thunder Bay, not receiving fluoride treatments, were collected by the Thunder Bay District Health Unit's dental hygienists and recorders. Results will assist decision makers in developing programs for addressing the problem of ECC in high-caries-risk populations.
Study Design
Allocation: Randomized, Control: Active Control, Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Single Blind, Primary Purpose: Prevention
Conditions
Dental Caries
Intervention
Fluoride varnish
Location
Sioux Lookout Zone Dental Program
Sioux Lookout
Ontario
Canada
P8T 1C2
Status
Active, not recruiting
Source
University of Toronto
Results (where available)
Links
- Source: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00435500
- Information obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov on July 15, 2010
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Sodium Fluoride
A source of inorganic fluoride which is used topically to prevent dental caries.
Tin Fluorides
Inorganic fluorides of tin. They include both stannic fluoride (tin tetrafluoride) and stannous fluoride (tin difluoride). The latter is used in the prevention of dental caries.
Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride
A sodium fluoride solution, paste or powder, which has been acidulated to pH 3 to 4 and buffered with a phosphate. It is used in the prevention of dental caries.
Dental Caries Susceptibility
The predisposition to tooth decay (DENTAL CARIES).
Root Caries
Dental caries involving the tooth root, cementum, or cervical area of the tooth.
Clinical Trials
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