A Phase II Study of Tegafur/Uracil (UFUR®)Plus Thalidomide for the Treatment of Advanced or Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
Summary
Primary objective:
To evaluate the overall response rate of tegafur/uracil (UFUR®) and thalidomide in the treatment of advanced or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma.
Secondary objectives:
1. To determine the disease stabilization rate;
2. To assess the progression-free survival and overall survival;
3. To establish the safety profile;
4. To evaluate the changes of circulating factors indicating the angiogenesis activity and their correlation with objective tumor response.
Description
Thalidomide is a glutamic acid derivative first developed in 1950s, was marketed as a sedative, tranquilizer, and antiemetic for morning sickness.
It was withdrawn from the European and Canadian markets in early 1960s because of its teratogenic effects . It was not until 1998 when FDA approved thalidomide in the US for the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum , ENL.
In recent years, thalidomide is emerging as a novel treatment for cancer because of its anti-angiogenic properties. The clinical efficacy has been demonstrated in various types of human cancers, such as myeloma, hormone-refractory prostate cancer, high-grade glioma, renal cell carcinoma, and melanoma.
UFUR® is a composite drug composed of 100mg tegafur and 224mg uracil (molar ratio:1:4). It was marketed as UFT® in Japan and marketed as UFUR® in Taiwan.
Tegafur, a prodrug of 5-FU, is easily absorbed though the gastro-intestinal tract slowly metabolized to 5-FU mainly in liver . Uracil is an inhibitor of dihydro-pyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), the rate-limiting enzyme of 5-FU degradation.
Tegafur/urail is expected to maintain a stably high concentration in liver and in circulation. Tegafur/uracil has been approved for the indications of advanced gastric cancer and colorectal cancer, which are traditionally indicated for the therapy of 5-FU-based chemotherapy, in Japan and Taiwan.
We hypothesize that combination of tegafur/uracil (UFUR®) and thalidomide, both of which have been shown to be active in some HCC patients, may be a highly useful regimen for the treatment of advanced HCC. There are several rationales underlying this combination. First, anti-angiogenesis therapy may improve the efficacy of chemotherapy by normalizing the abnormal vasculature in tumors, and thus improving the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to the tumor cells. Second, chemotherapeutic drugs given in a low-dose, un-interrupted, and protracted way can induce anti-neoplasm effect through the anti-angiogenesis activity. What so-called "metronomic chemotherapy" is based on direct targeting of the activation, growth, and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells by cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. The anti-angiogenesis effect of metronomic chemotherapy is suppressed by VEGF/VEGFR signaling pathways and thus can be further potentiated by agents blocking those survival signals of endothelial cells. In this regard, UFUR appears to be a good candidate for metronomic chemotherapy because UFUR and its metabolites have already been shown to inhibit angiogenesis in several pre-clinical models.
The combination of tegafur/uracil (UFUR®) and thalidomide has clinical advantages for patients with HCC. Both drugs are orally active, thus are convenient to be given on an out-patient basis. More importantly, the low and non-overlapping toxicity profiles of the two drugs make the combination relatively safe in patients of HCC.
Study Design
Allocation: Non-Randomized, Control: Uncontrolled, Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Treatment
Conditions
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
Intervention
Thalidomide(THADO), Tegafur/Uracil(UFUR)
Location
Far Eastern Memorial Hospital
Taipei
Ban-Ciao
Taiwan
220
Status
Recruiting
Source
Far Eastern Memorial Hospital
Results (where available)
Links
- Source: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00384800
- Information obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov on July 15, 2010
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Thalidomide
A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppresive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.
Hepatitis B Virus, Woodchuck
An ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS causing chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma in woodchucks. It closely resembles the human hepatitis B virus.
Uracil-dna Glycosidase
An enzyme that catalyzes the HYDROLYSIS of the N-glycosidic bond between sugar phosphate backbone and URACIL residue during DNA synthesis.
Hepatitis B Virus
The type species of the genus ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS which causes human HEPATITIS B and is also apparently a causal agent in human HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. The Dane particle is an intact hepatitis virion, named after its discoverer. Non-infectious spherical and tubular particles are also seen in the serum.
Alpha-fetoproteins
The first alpha-globulins to appear in mammalian sera during development of the embryo and the dominant serum proteins in early embryonic life. They reappear in the adult serum during certain pathologic states, primarily hepatocellular carcinoma. They may also be elevated in the amniotic fluid and maternal serum during pregnancy in ANENCEPHALY.
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