Psychological Mechanisms of Behavioral Dysregulation
Summary
This study is directed toward a better understanding of how the brain regulates emotions and social and antisocial behavior. It will look at the use of the orbital frontal cortex and amygdala of the brain. Brain changes are involved in solving conflicts and the feelings that such conflicts produce. Conflicts may occur with other people or with general social rules. The researchers' expectations are that the findings will be useful in developing therapies that may improve people's ability to solve social conflicts and reduce antisocial behavior.
Adults ages 20 to 50 years of age with psychopathy and a second set of comparison adults, all of whom have been released from the Fairfax County Adult Detention Center, may be eligible for this study.
The neurocognitive component of the study, the one pertaining to performance of various tasks, will involve 20 adults with psychopathy and 20 comparison adults. The neuroimaging component, in which a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan is used, will involve 18 adults and 18 comparison adults. Two visits by participants will be entailed. At the first visit, patients will undergo the following procedures and tests:
- Physical examination
- Test of vital signs, lying and standing.
- Electrocardiogram.
- Collection of blood for chemistry and hematology.
- Urinalysis and liver function tests.
- Screen for HIV and hepatitis.
- Pregnancy test, if applicable, at the first visit and at all further visits.
Depending on the group to which they are assigned, at the second visit, patients will undergo an MRI scan or take part in a variety of computer-based tasks to measure different forms of thinking skills, emotional responses, and decision making. During the MRI scan, patients will lie still on a table that will slide into the enclosed tunnel of the MRI scanner. They will be asked to lie as still as possible. As the scanner takes pictures, patients will hear knocking or beeping sounds, and they will wear earplugs to reduce the noise. Patients will be able to communicate with the MRI staff at all times during the scan, and they may ask to be moved out of the machine at any time. While lying in the MRI scanner, patients will be asked to perform tasks presented via a screen. These tasks will involve looking at pictures or words, and patients will be asked to make decisions about the pictures. The MRI scan will take no more than 2 hours. In regard to the computer-based tasks that participants will perform, the tasks are often games presented on a computer. Via computer, or on paper, there may be presentations of pictures that bring about an emotion.
There will be no direct treatment or therapeutic benefits to participation in this study. However, the knowledge gained may help people in the future.
Description
The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (Hare, 1991) allows the identification of a relatively homogeneous population of individuals who present with marked emotional dysfunction (reduced empathy, guilt and attachment to others) as well as a notable propensity for goal-directed antisocial behavior. Identification of the neuro-biological underpinnings of their emotional dysfunction is of crucial importance as the level of emotion dysfunction is an important predictor of long term prognosis.
Currently, there are two main positions regarding the neural systems that are dysfunctional in individuals with psychopathy: First, that the pathology is associated with amygdala dysfunction; Secondly, that the pathology is associated with orbital frontal cortex dysfunction. A third, more recent position, stresses the interconnections between these two systems and the role that development may play in the disorder.
The current project will determine the performance of individuals with psychopathy and comparison individuals on measures which recruit the amygdala and orbital frontal cortex. In addition, a series of functional neuro-imaging studies will directly assess neural responses in these two systems in individuals with psychopathy. Finally, a structural imaging study will examine anatomical differences between the groups. The project should provide clear data that will constrain future theorizing on the pathology implicated in this disorder.
Study Design
N/A
Conditions
Neural Systems
Location
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda
Maryland
United States
20892
Status
Completed
Source
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)
Results (where available)
Links
- Source: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00352456
- Information obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov on July 15, 2010
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Vasomotor System
The neural systems which act on VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE to control blood vessel diameter. The major neural control is through the sympathetic nervous system.
Neurulation
An early embryonic developmental process of CHORDATES that is characterized by morphogenic movements of ECTODERM resulting in the formation of the NEURAL PLATE; the NEURAL CREST; and the NEURAL TUBE. Improper closure of the NEURAL GROOVE results in congenital NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS.
Neural Crest
The two longitudinal ridges along the PRIMITIVE STREAK appearing near the end of GASTRULATION during development of nervous system (NEURULATION). The ridges are formed by folding of NEURAL PLATE. Between the ridges is a neural groove which deepens as the fold become elevated. When the folds meet at midline, the groove becomes a closed tube, the NEURAL TUBE.
Neural Tube
A tube of ectodermal tissue in an embryo that will give rise to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, including the SPINAL CORD and the BRAIN. Lumen within the neural tube is called neural canal which gives rise to the central canal of the spinal cord and the ventricles of the brain. For malformation of the neural tube, see NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS.
Neural Plate
The region in the dorsal ECTODERM of a chordate embryo that gives rise to the future CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Tissue in the neural plate is called the neuroectoderm, often used as a synonym of neural plate.
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