Comparison of the Antihypertensive Efficacy of Valsartan and Enalapril After Missing One Dose
Summary
This study was designed in order to evaluate the blood pressure lowering effect of valsartan compared to enalapril over 24 hours after skipping one daily dose. Both drugs act on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and are widely use for the treatment of hypertension. Previous studies had a significant limitation: the effect of a missing dose was not evaluated after the whole 24 hours post missing dose period (48 hours after last taken dose), and as a result, it does not imitate the real life situation of a missing dose.
Description
The incidence of cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, ventricular arrhythmias, stroke, myocardial ischemia and angina pectoris, reaches the peak during the early morning hours. This period corresponds with the sharp increase in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) (morning BP surge) which takes place upon arising form overnight sleep. Furthermore, the RAAS is activated in the morning, and may contribute to morning BP surge and to morning increase in cardiovascular risk. BP control over the entire 24 hours dosing interval, including the early morning period (18 - 24 hrs post-dosing) is critical in order to prevent cardiovascular events, thus providing a better protection to patients with essential hypertension. Apart from the significance of establishing the 24-hour BP lowering effect of an antihypertensive drug, it is fundamental to further investigate the effect of a missing dose. Approximately 15 to 20% of hypertensive patients do not recall to take their medication in average 3 days every month. During these periods, patients could be on a higher risk of having a cardiovascular event resulting in a poorer long-term prognosis. Therefore, it is crucial to establish the BP lowering effect of the antihypertensive treatment beyond 24-hour of dose intake. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) has proven advantages compared to conventional BP measurement and ambulatory BP levels are closely associated with target organ damage and clinical cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients. However most of the studies using this technique have been conducted with monitoring for a 24-hour period. In this study 48-hour ABPM will be utilized in order to investigate the antihypertensive effect beyond 24 hours. This study was designed in order to evaluate the BP lowering effect of valsartan compared to enalapril over 24 hours after skipping one daily dose. Both drugs act on the RAAS and are widely use for the treatment of hypertension. Enalapril was selected since a previous similar study was performed using it as a comparison drug. An 8-week study with candesartan and enalapril was done to evaluate their antihypertensive efficacy and their effect duration. However, this study had a significant limitation, the effect of a missing dose was not evaluated after the whole 24 hours post missing dose period (48 hours after last taken dose), and as a result, it does not imitate the real life situation of a missing dose. Therefore, we decided to perform the present study with the purpose of further investigate the effect of these antihypertensive treatments beyond 24 hours in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.
Study Design
Allocation: Randomized, Control: Active Control, Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Treatment
Conditions
Hypertension
Intervention
Valsartan, Enalapril, Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, Missing one dose
Location
Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago
Santiago de Compostela
Spain
15706
Status
Completed
Source
University of Vigo
Results (where available)
Links
- Source: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00302705
- Information obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov on July 15, 2010
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory
Method in which repeated blood pressure readings are made while the patient undergoes normal daily activities. It allows quantitative analysis of the high blood pressure load over time, can help distinguish between types of HYPERTENSION, and can assess the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy.
Monitoring, Physiologic
The continuous measurement of physiological processes, blood pressure, heart rate, renal output, reflexes, respiration, etc., in a patient or experimental animal; includes pharmacologic monitoring, the measurement of administered drugs or their metabolites in the blood, tissues, or urine.
Monitoring, Ambulatory
The use of electronic equipment to observe or record physiologic processes while the patient undergoes normal daily activities.
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.
Baroreflex
A response by the BARORECEPTORS to increased BLOOD PRESSURE. Increased pressure stretches BLOOD VESSELS which activates the baroreceptors in the vessel walls. The net response of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM is a reduction of central sympathetic outflow. This reduces blood pressure both by decreasing peripheral VASCULAR RESISTANCE and by lowering CARDIAC OUTPUT. Because the baroreceptors are tonically active, the baroreflex can compensate rapidly for both increases and decreases in blood pressure.
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