Research on the Nature, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Obesity and Diabetes
Summary
The purpose of this study is to determine whether the level of FOXA2 expression in fat tissue is a biomarker of insulin resistance. To test this hypothesis, we will perform euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps in normal and obese human subjects to calculate insulin sensitivity, and see if insulin sensitivity correlates with the FOXA2 expression in subcutaneous fat.
Description
The investigators at Rockefeller University Hospital are engaged in research on the nature, diagnosis and treatment of obesity and diabetes. The investigators are trying to find out why insulin, a blood sugar lowering hormone that is released by the pancreas following a meal, does not work effectively in individuals with obesity or type 2 diabetes. The investigators have recently discovered a protein in fat cells of obese mice that helps fat cells to take up and break down sugar from the blood. This protein (called FOXA2) also prevents the generation of more fat cells. FOXA2 is only present in obese mice, but absent from fat stores of lean animals. Insulin can stimulate the production of FOXA2 in fat cells. Furthermore, the levels of FOXA2 protein correlate with the degree of blood insulin levels. In this study, we are would like to determine whether FOXA2 is also produced in fat cells of humans, and if its level correlates with the degree of obesity and insulin resistance.
Study Design
Observational Model: Cohort, Time Perspective: Prospective
Conditions
Insulin Resistance
Location
Rockefeller University Hospital
New York
New York
United States
10021
Status
Completed
Source
Rockefeller University
Results (where available)
Links
- Source: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00229268
- Information obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov on July 15, 2010
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Hyperinsulinism
A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.
Insulin Resistance
Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS. It can be caused by the presence of INSULIN ANTIBODIES or the abnormalities in insulin receptors (RECEPTOR, INSULIN) on target cell surfaces. It is often associated with OBESITY; DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS; INFECTION; and certain rare conditions. (from Stedman, 25th ed)
Thiazolidinediones
THIAZOLES with two keto oxygens. Members are insulin-sensitizing agents which overcome INSULIN RESISTANCE by activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma).
Donohue Syndrome
Rare autosomal recessive syndrome of extreme insulin resistance due to mutations in the binding domain of INSULIN RECEPTOR. Clinical features include severe intrauterine and postnatal growth restriction, characteristic dysmorphic FACIES; HIRSUTISM; VIRILIZATION; multiple endocrine abnormalities, and early death.
Diabetes, Gestational
Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.
Clinical Trials
Effect of a Single Colecalciferol Dose on Insulin Resistance
A Prospective Double-Blinded, Placebo Controlled, Randomized Trial comparing a single dose of Vitamin D (Colecalciferol) 300.00UI to placebo on patients with insulin resistance. Primary Ou...
Insulin Resistance Associated With Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) and the Effect of Antiviral Therapy
The literature suggests that there may be an association between hepatitis C and type 2 diabetes mellitus independent of the presence of cirrhosis, the likely mechanism for which is insuli...
U-500R Insulin In Type 2 Diabetes With Severe Insulin Resistance Via Omnipod
Patients with Type 2 diabetes and severe insulin resistance with very large insulin requirements who have failed all previous insulin regimens using nonconcentrated forms of insulin (U100...
Chromium's Effect on Insulin Resistance in Obesity
This research is to investigate the nutritional supplement chromium picolinate. A large number of people use chromium picolinate from health food stores to improve the function of the hor...
Effect of Salicylate on Glucose Metabolism in Insulin Resistance States
We believe that diet induced obesity leads to activation of the IKK/NF-kB inflamatory pathway and that chronic inflammation leads to insulin resistance and diabetes. In rodents, salicylate...
PubMed Articles
Tracing the footsteps of glomerular insulin signaling in diabetic kidney disease.
Insufficient insulin secretion and insulin resistance are hallmarks of diabetes. Recent studies indicate that insulin plays an important role in maintaining the glomerular filtration barrier. Mima et...
The main goal of this review is to provide more specific targets for prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and associated atherosclerosis. Modern technologies and medicine have vastly improve...
Role of NYGGF4 in insulin resistance.
Insulin resistance is a clinical condition that is characterized by reducing glucose uptake in response to insulin. A major factor in the development of insulin resistance syndrome is obesity. NYGGF4...
Type B insulin resistance syndrome with diabetic ketoacidosis.
Autoimmune syndromes characterized by either insulin receptor antibodies as a type B insulin resistance syndrome or insulin antibodies as an insulin autoimmune syndrome. We report here on a patient wh...
Interrelationships between Hepatic Fat and Insulin Resistance in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with insulin resistance, and its prevalence is rising in parallel with worldwide increases in obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, the...
