Dietary Compensation With Substitution of Meat Products With White Button Mushrooms.
Summary
Unfortunately, current methods of achieving weight control are disappointing. There is also a great deal of public confusion over what constitutes an appropriate diet for weight control; there is a paucity of carefully performed, randomized, controlled clinical treatment trials to evaluate the varying opinions. Mushrooms are not widely appreciated as the nutritious, low calorie, low fat food (and potential meat substitute) that they are. Mushrooms may be a new "diet food," especially as a substitute for higher calorie and fat staples like meat.
This study examines whether there is compensation for the potential calorie and fat savings of substituting mushrooms for meat in dishes over a 4-day period.
Description
1. Development of suitable mushroom-meat substitutions. In this phase, guided by information gathered from test subjects (see 2. below) we will devise and internally taste-test test meals that entail mushroom substitutions that result in potential energy savings of at least 125 kcal per meal.
2. Study the palatability, consumer acceptance, and satiating properties of each mushroom-substituted meal using a panel of obese and normal weight men, women, seniors, and teenagers.
3. Test in a controlled fashion the percent compensation over a 4-day period for the calorie and fat deficit that results when these mushroom-substituted meals are consumed compared with unsubstituted meals among obese and normal weight adults.
In this phase, the following two hypotheses will be tested:
Hyp 1. Use of white button mushrooms as a substitute for meat at a single meal will result in significant reduction in total daily energy intake during the same 24 h period.
Hyp 2. The amount of calories and fat grams compensated for will be significantly less than 100% when the substitution of mushrooms for meat is continued on a one-meal daily basis for a period of 4 days.
Summary of experimental design: Controlled intervention study, crossover design with each subject serving as his or her own control. Subjects: n=40 healthy men and women, aged 18-65, stratified by BMI Intervention: 11-day feeding study divided into two, 4-day intervention periods (Mondays through Thursdays), separated by a 3-day washout period (Friday through Sunday); subjects fed a standard lunch meal on site, and precise food records gathered for any meals or snacks taken off-site. One of the two 4-day intervention periods will include one meal per day that substitutes one of the 7 mushroom meals devised in phases 1 and 2 in place of meat meals, while the other 4-day intervention period will be the same except for not having any substituted meals. The order of the interventions will be randomized to eliminate order effects. Satiety measures will be obtained as in experiment #3, as well as measures of diet satisfaction. Weight will be measured.
Study Design
Allocation: Randomized, Control: Active Control, Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment, Masking: Single Blind (Outcomes Assessor), Primary Purpose: Treatment
Conditions
Obesity
Intervention
dietary substitution to assess level of caloric compensation
Location
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Baltimore
Maryland
United States
21205
Status
Completed
Source
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Results (where available)
Links
- Source: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00198770
- Information obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov on July 15, 2010
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Caloric Restriction
Reduction in caloric intake without reduction in adequate nutrition. In experimental animals, caloric restriction has been shown to extend lifespan and enhance other physiological variables.
Consciousness Monitors
Devices used to assess the level of consciousness especially during anesthesia. They measure brain activity level based on the EEG.
Caloric Tests
Elicitation of a rotatory nystagmus by stimulating the semicircular canals with water or air which is above or below body temperature. In warm caloric stimulation a rotatory nystagmus is developed toward the side of the stimulated ear; in cold, away from the stimulated side. Absence of nystagmus indicates the labyrinth is not functioning.
Obesity, Abdominal
A condition of having excess fat in the abdomen. Abdominal obesity is typically defined as waist circumferences of 40 inches or more in men and 35 inches or more in women. Abdominal obesity raises the risk of developing disorders, such as diabetes, hypertension and METABOLIC SYNDROME X.
Gene Dosage
The number of copies of a given gene present in the cell of an organism. An increase in gene dosage (by GENE DUPLICATION for example) can result in higher levels of gene product formation. GENE DOSAGE COMPENSATION mechanisms result in adjustments to the level GENE EXPRESSION when there are changes or differences in gene dosage.
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