Seroprevalence of Kaposi's Sarcoma Herpes Virus in the United States
Summary
This study will investigate patterns of Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus (KSHV) in the United States and its potential impact on the U.S. population. KSHV is a newly discovered virus that is strongly associated with Kaposi's sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma. The high prevalence of KS and KSHV among HIV-infected homosexual men suggests sexual contact as a primary mode of transmission. Reports of non-sexual transmission in parts of Africa and the Mediterranean where Kaposi's sarcoma is endemic, and the identification of viral DNA in saliva and other bodily fluids, however, indicate the virus is also transmitted non-sexually. This study will:
- Compare the prevalence of KSHV among different demographic groups in the United States
- Examine the association between KSHV and high risk behaviors such as drug use (marijuana and cocaine), sexual behavior (age at first sexual intercourse and number of sexual partners), and medical risk factors (herpes simplex virus II, hepatitis B and hepatitis C)
- Estimate the prevalence of KSHV in the United States.
Data and blood samples for the study will be taken from the NHANES III survey. NHANES is a program of periodic surveys conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics. The survey is designed to provide national estimates of health status for the United States non-institutionalized civilian population by means of household interviews, standardized physical examinations, and blood sample collection and testing. NHANES III-the seventh in a series of national examination studies-was conducted from 1988 to 1994.
This study will use the HANES data to identify risks associated with a KSHV-positive blood test in the survey population. The study plans to include all 19,754 participants (67% of the 29,314 participants originally examined) for whom blood samples were collected and remain available.
Description
Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) is the viral cause of Kaposi sarcoma. Although infection with this virus appears to be uncommon in the United States, the prevalence in the general population in uncertain, and routes for transmission are poorly characterized. This study makes use of questionnaire data and serum specimens obtained in the third National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHAnes III). Sera from 18,168 individuals in this study were tested for antibodies to the KSHV proteins K8.1 and LANA. We will use these measurements to estimate KSHV seroprevalence for the overall U.S. general population and for demographic subgroups. To characterize potential transmission routes, we will also examine whether KSHV seroprevalence is related to sexual activity and exposures to blood, as indicated by responses to questionnaire items and previous NHANES III measurements of markers of relevant viral infections.
Study Design
N/A
Conditions
Kaposi's Sarcoma
Location
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Bethesda
Maryland
United States
20892
Status
Completed
Source
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)
Results (where available)
Links
- Source: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00026728
- Information obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov on July 15, 2010
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Sarcoma, Kaposi
A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in Jewish and Italian males in Europe and the United States. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of Africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in AIDS patients. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, pp2105-7) HHV-8 is the suspected cause.
Herpesvirus 8, Human
A species in the genus RHADINOVIRUS, subfamily GAMMAHERPESVIRINAE, isolated from patients with AIDS-related and "classical" Kaposi sarcoma.
Hla-dr5 Antigen
Human immune-response, D-related antigen encoded by the D-locus on chromosome 6 and found on lymphoid cells. It is associated with Kaposi sarcoma in AIDS and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
Sarcoma, Experimental
Experimentally induced neoplasms of CONNECTIVE TISSUE in animals to provide a model for studying human SARCOMA.
Aids-related Opportunistic Infections
Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.
Clinical Trials
Valganciclovir in Treating Patients With Classic Non-HIV-Associated Kaposi's Sarcoma
RATIONALE: Herpesvirus is found in the lesions of most patients with Kaposi's sarcoma, and may have a role in causing Kaposi's sarcoma. Valganciclovir is an antiviral drug that acts agains...
A Study of DOX-SL in the Treatment of AIDS-Related Kaposi's Sarcoma
To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Stealth liposomal doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX-SL) in the long-term treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in patients who previously...
A Phase I Study of TNP-470 in the Treatment of AIDS-Associated Kaposi's Sarcoma
To assess toxicity and determine the MTD of intravenous TNP-470 administered weekly in patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. To assess pharmacokinetics and tumor response of the dru...
A Phase I/II Study of Recombinant Interleukin-4 in AIDS and Kaposi's Sarcoma
To determine the safety and tolerance of interleukin-4 (IL-4) in patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. To determine the effects of IL-4 on tumor growth in patients with AIDS-related...
A Study of ALRT 1057 Topical Gel in Patients With AIDS-Related Kaposi's Sarcoma
The purpose of this study is to see if ALRT1057 gel is safe and effective in treating Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) when applied to skin .
PubMed Articles
Is Kaposi's sarcoma occurring at higher CD4 cell counts over the course of the HIV epidemic?
We evaluated longitudinal rates of Kaposi's sarcoma and trends in CD4 cell counts at the time of Kaposi's sarcoma diagnosis during the HIV epidemic (1985-2008). Although rates of Kaposi's sarcoma have...
Myasthenia gravis developing in an HIV-negative patient with Kaposi's sarcoma.
Myasthenia gravis is a disorder of neuromuscular transmission caused by autoimmune mechanisms. We reported a possible association between seropositive myasthenia gravis and Kaposi's sarcoma in a HIV-n...
Classic Kaposi's sarcoma in Han Chinese and useful tools for differential diagnosis.
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a common AIDS-related malignant neoplasm in the head and neck region, especially in the oral cavity, but is rarely described in the HIV-negative and non-immunosuppressed indiv...
Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) encoded G protein-coupled receptor (vGPCR) is a constitutively active lytic phase protein with significant homology to the human interleukin-8 receptor. vG...
Vertebral Lesions from AIDS-Related Kaposi's Sarcoma.
Background: Kaposi's sarcoma is commonly described in HIV/AIDS patients but usually manifests as overt skin lesions or visceral involvement. Bone involvement, particularly vertebral, is uncommon, espe...
