Effects of Positive Energy Balance and Exercise on Appetite Hormones in Sedentary Men and Women
Summary
The purpose of this research study is to examine the effects of overfeeding and exercise on blood levels of hormones associated with regulating appetite, also thought of as feelings of hunger and satiety (fullness). Previous studies have shown that non-obese people have different amounts of these hormones in their blood compared to obese people.
The investigators hypothesize that exercise will promote improved insulin sensitivity and corresponding beneficial changes in obese individuals. The investigators predict exercise induced changes in 24-hour plasma hormone levels will be associated with improved appetite during overfeeding in obese individuals.
Description
In a randomized cross-over design, participants will complete two separate six-day & seven night inpatient stays (separated by at least 4 weeks) at the University of Wisconsin Hospital's Clinical and Translational Research Core (CTRC). During each six-day & seven night visit, participants will be fed an energy balance diet (energy intake = energy expenditure) for the first three days followed by three days of overfeeding (130% of the energy balance diet). During one of the inpatient periods, participants will exercise twice daily (once in the morning, once in the evening) for a total of approximately 120 minutes per day on an indoor exercise bicycle at ~50% of maximal aerobic fitness. During the other inpatient visit, participants will not exercise and will be inactive.
The investigators will examine the effect of short-term positive energy balance and exercise on 24-hour plasma levels of hormones related to hunger and satiety. These hormones include leptin, ghrelin, insulin, and peptide YY in sedentary lean and obese men and women. Our primary hypothesis is that when an obese person exercises, average 24-hour plasma leptin levels will increase in obese individuals during overfeeding compared to energy balance feeding, but fail to do so under sedentary conditions. In contrast, the investigators predict lean individuals will have an appropriate increase in average 24-hour leptin levels in response to overfeeding regardless of exercise treatment. Thus, the investigators suggest that a failure in the average 24-hour leptin response to overfeeding sets an obese person up for continued slow weight gain, as the leptin hunger signal fails to detect short-term overfeeding and does not produce a response. The investigators hypothesize that exercise will promote improved insulin sensitivity and increased leptin in the obese. The investigators predict that changes in average 24-hour plasma leptin levels will correlate with self-selected energy intake in lean individuals, but only during overfeeding plus exercise in obese individuals.
In addition, because the hunger and satiety response in humans is complex, this study will characterize the average 24-hour plasma levels of ghrelin, which stimulates hunger, and peptide YY, which stimulate satiety or fullness, in lean and obese individuals to determine if plasma levels are altered in obesity and in response to short-term positive energy balance.
Lastly, this study involves the banking of blood tissue specimens for future research. If it is decided such analysis is of scientific value, genetic analysis will be conducted for alterations in genes involved in the synthesis of, or receptors for, hunger and satiety hormones to be investigated under this study design.
Study Design
Allocation: Randomized, Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Conditions
Appetite and General Nutritional Disorders
Intervention
Exercise or Sedentary
Location
University of Wisconsin Hospitals, Clinical and Translational Research Core (CTRC)
Madison
Wisconsin
United States
53792
Status
Active, not recruiting
Source
University of Wisconsin, Madison
Results (where available)
Links
- Source: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01354600
- Information obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov on February 23, 2012
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Nutritional And Metabolic Diseases
A collective term for nutritional disorders resulting from poor absorption or nutritional imbalance, and metabolic disorders resulting from defects in biosynthesis (ANABOLISM) or breakdown (CATABOLISM) of endogenous substances.
Appetite
Natural recurring desire for food. Alterations may induced by APPETITE DEPRESSANTS or APPETITE STIMULANTS.
Exercise Tolerance
The exercise capacity of an individual as measured by endurance (maximal exercise duration and/or maximal attained work load) during an EXERCISE TEST.
Eating Disorders
A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake.
Exercise Test
Controlled physical activity, more strenuous than at rest, which is performed in order to allow assessment of physiological functions, particularly cardiovascular and pulmonary, but also aerobic capacity. Maximal (most intense) exercise is usually required but submaximal exercise is also used. The intensity of exercise is often graded, using criteria such as rate of work done, oxygen consumption, and heart rate.
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