The Effects of Fiber on Appetite and Digestion Hormones
Summary
In this research study, investigators are interested in how certain dietary fibers in the diet affect certain hormones released from your intestine after eating and how these influence your appetite. The study hypothesis is that certain fibers will slow digestion and absorption of nutrients thereby optimizing fullness,reducing food intake and limiting insulin response in pre- and post-menopausal women.
Description
This study is designed to gain a better understanding of meal viscosity and the utility of dietary sources of viscous polysaccharide fibers to modulate postprandial metabolic and satiety mechanisms in pre- and post- menopausal overweight women in order to optimize acute metabolic responses to meals as well as most favorably affect appetite, food intake and overall body weight control.
Objectives of this study include:
1. To investigate the effects of viscous polysaccharide type fibers in a meal on postprandial intestinal-phase mechanisms of satiety [eg., cholecystokinin (CCK)] and meal-associated metabolic (eg., glucose, insulin, triglyceride) response patterns to low glycemic index (GI), fiber-controlled preload meals compared to a low fiber, high GI meal in overweight pre- and post- menopausal women.
2. To characterize the subjective and behavioral satiety responses to study-specific preload meals varying in viscous fiber content as well as determine the relationship of these satiety responses to the preload-associated physiological responses in overweight pre- and post- menopausal women.
3. To examine the influence of menopausal status of overweight women on the physiological, subjective and behavioral responses to study preloads.
The study is a randomized, 3-arm, 6-sequence, within-subjects, crossover, treatment-controlled study utilizing a repeated measures, multiple sampling paradigm to evaluate the metabolic and satiety response pattern to low glycemic index (GI) fiber-controlled preload treatments differing in viscous fiber content compared to a high GI preload meal.
The study will test 3 isocaloric treatment preloads in relatively healthy overweight, mildly obese, pre- and post- menopausal women. Preload meals will be prepared as breakfast meals using muffins and yogurt beverage / shake as the base for which glycemic index (GI) of the meal, including fiber / viscous fiber content, will be manipulated. All preloads have been matched as close as possible on sensory qualities as well as macronutrient composition, fiber and energy content and volume.
The 3 treatments will include as fiber source either viscous polysaccharide fiber source, eg., psyllium husk, and insoluble non-viscous producing fiber source, eg., cellulose, respectively. These fibers are commercially available.
Preload meals will be prepared to contain about 1 kcal/g offered as a 600 kcal meal portion. The macronutrient distribution for fat, carbohydrate and protein will be 30%, 55% and 15% of energy, respectively. Fiber will be included at 2 levels: 2 g/100 kcal for the 2 fiber containing preload meals and no fiber for the high GI low fiber control. These levels of fiber are consistent with our previously studied breakfast meals and for the higher fiber meals, just above the recommended intake for adult Americans. Preload meals will be matched as closely as possible on micronutrients and sensory (palatability, sweetness, texture) quality.
Preload meals be provided under fasting conditions and consumed within 20 minutes. Subsequent food intake will be measured in lab at a test meal and then by food records at home thereafter.
Subjects will receive each preload meal in random order ~ 1 month apart in order to standardize cyclic phase within the pre-menopausal group. Each preload test session will include collection of food records and menstrual logs, in-lab preload and test meal consumption, multiple blood sampling and visual analog scale completion.
Blood sample collection and visual analog scale (VAS) completion will occur before (fasting, time 0) preload meal consumption and then at 20, 40, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min thereafter. A test meal lunch will be offered 2.5 h post-preload meal consumption. Test meal will be provided ad libitum. Final two blood draws and satiety evaluation will occur after lunch (210 and 240 minutes).
Blood will be measured for glucose, insulin, triglycerides and CCK at the specific time periods listed above. Occuring at the same time period, the subject will complete the VAS, a validated method for assessing subjective measures of appetite. Subjects will also rate the preload meals using the VAS on a number of sensory qualities to assess palatability.
Study Design
Allocation: Randomized, Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment, Masking: Single Blind (Subject), Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Conditions
Psychological Phenomena and Processes
Intervention
No fiber, Low GI high fiber viscous meal, Low GI high fiber non-viscous
Location
Clinical Nutrition Research Center
Chicago
Illinois
United States
60616
Status
Completed
Source
National Center for Food Safety and Technology
Results (where available)
Links
- Source: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01050101
- Information obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov on July 15, 2010
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Cotton Fiber
A TEXTILE fiber obtained from the pappus (outside the SEEDS) of cotton plant (GOSSYPIUM). Inhalation of cotton fiber dust over a prolonged period can result in BYSSINOSIS.
Angioplasty, Balloon, Laser-assisted
Techniques using laser energy in combination with a balloon catheter to perform angioplasty. These procedures can take several forms including: 1, laser fiber delivering the energy while the inflated balloon centers the fiber and occludes the blood flow; 2, balloon angioplasty immediately following laser angioplasty; or 3, laser energy transmitted through angioplasty balloons that contain an internal fiber.
Pacinian Corpuscles
Rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors found in subcutaneous tissue beneath both hairy and glabrous skin. Pacinian corpuscles contain an afferent nerve fiber surrounded by a capsule with multiple concentric layers. They have large receptive fields and are most sensitive to high-frequency stimuli, such as vibration.
Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated
A class of nerve fibers as defined by their structure, specifically the nerve sheath arrangement. The AXONS of the unmyelinated nerve fibers are small. The axons to SCHWANN CELLS ratio is greater in the unmyelinated nerve fibers than that in the myelinated fiber (NERVE FIBERS, MYELINATED) which is 1:1. Usually several axons are surrounded by a single Schwann cell in the unmyelinated nerve fibers. Therefore, each unmyelinated fiber is not completely covered by the MYELIN SHEATH formed by the Schwann cell. Unmyelinated nerve fibers conduct impulses at low velocities. They represent the majority of peripheral sensory and autonomic fibers. They are also found in the spinal cord and brain.
Glycols
A generic grouping for dihydric alcohols with the hydroxy groups (-OH) located on different carbon atoms. They are viscous liquids with high boiling points for their molecular weights.
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