Levels of Von Willebrand Factor Multimers and VWF-Cleaving Protease (ADAMTS-13) in Preterm and Neonate
Summary
Von Willebramd Factor (VWF) is an adhesive glycoprotein synthesized by megakaryocytes and endothelial cells.VWF has a central role in primary hemostasis and is a critical ligand for platelets adhesion and aggregation (1, 2).VWF is the carrier of circulating factor 8 as well. VWF is stored in Wiebel-Palade bodies in endothelial cells and in platelets alfa granules in a form of Ultra-large (UL) multimers.
The VWF multimers are composed from subunits which are linked by disulfide bonds that alternate between 2 C- terminal ends and 2 N- terminal ends in a head-to-head and tail-to-tail fashion (3, 4). The biological activity of VWF has been shown to be related to the size of the multimers.
VWF is released from endothelial cells toward the plasma as a multimers ranging from 500-20,000 kD. The UL multimers are hemostaticallly more effective than the smaller forms. They spontaneously bind to platelets which lead to the formation of microthrombi in the circulation. This mechanism is downregulated by the plasma protease ADAMTS-13(A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease with ThromboSpondin motif).If the proteolysis become defective the ULVWF will bind to platlets resulting in systemic thrombotic microangiophaties (TMA) such as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura(TTP)(5,6).
ADAMTS-13 belongs to the ADAMTS family of metalloproteases.The structure of ADAMTS-13 is conserved throughout vertebrates, indicating its important function (7).The metalloprotease function was first describe 11 years ago and has been cloned and characterized (8-13).The ADAMTS family of metaloploproteases is required in other systems such as genitourinary system (ADAMTS1), collagen system (ADAMTS2) and as a cleaving protease of VWF (VWFCP) - ADAMTS13. When VWF multimer is subjected to sufficient fluid shear stress ADAMTS-13 cleaves VWF at a unique 842Tyr- 843Met bond in domain A2 (14,15).This cleavage produce VWF subunit fragments of 176 kDa and 140 kDa.
The activity of ADAMTS-13 depends on both Zn+2 and Ca+2 ions (16). Low levels or deficiency of ADAMTS-13 is seen in patient with TTP(17,18). Mannuccio et al (19) showed that low levels of ADAMTS-13 are seen in other conditions such as healthy adults older than 65 years, patients with cirrhosis, uremia, acute inflammation, postoperative period. In neonate and preterm infants the data is limited. Few studies have shown that levels of ADAMTS-13 are low in neonate (19-21).Tsai et al (22) observed that ADAMTS-13 activity is normal in cord blood compared to adults. In preterm infants a pilot study showed that preterm have low levels of ADAMTS-13(23).
The aim of our study is to check ADAMTS-13, VWF multimers, VWF antigen and VWF collagen binding activity in healthy and sick neonate and in preterm infants.
Study Design
Observational Model: Cohort, Time Perspective: Prospective
Conditions
Von Willebramd Factor
Location
Sheba-Medical-Center
Ramat-Gan
Israel
52621
Status
Recruiting
Source
Sheba Medical Center
Results (where available)
Links
- Source: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00701610
- Information obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov on July 15, 2010
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Factor Viiia
Activated form of factor VIII. The B-domain of factor VIII is proteolytically cleaved by thrombin to form factor VIIIa. Factor VIIIa exists as a non-covalent dimer in a metal-linked (probably calcium) complex and functions as a cofactor in the enzymatic activation of factor X by factor IXa. Factor VIIIa is similar in structure and generation to factor Va.
Factor Xia
Activated form of factor XI. In the intrinsic pathway, Factor XI is activated to XIa by factor XIIa in the presence of cofactor HMWK; (HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT KININOGEN). Factor XIa then activates factor IX to factor IXa in the presence of calcium.
Factor Ix
Storage-stable blood coagulation factor acting in the intrinsic pathway. Its activated form, IXa, forms a complex with factor VIII and calcium on platelet factor 3 to activate factor X to Xa. Deficiency of factor IX results in HEMOPHILIA B (Christmas Disease).
Factor Ixa
Activated form of factor IX. This activation can take place via the intrinsic pathway by the action of factor XIa and calcium, or via the extrinsic pathway by the action of factor VIIa, thromboplastin, and calcium. Factor IXa serves to activate factor X to Xa by cleaving the arginyl-leucine peptide bond in factor X.
Factor Viii
Blood-coagulation factor VIII. Antihemophilic factor that is part of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor complex. Factor VIII is produced in the liver and acts in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. It serves as a cofactor in factor X activation and this action is markedly enhanced by small amounts of thrombin.
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