Forefoot Adduction (FFA) in Infants and Toddlers. Differences of Neuromuscular Activity.
Summary
Every week we encounter with 5-8 pairs of worried parents of infants with forefoot adduction. Most of them usually need only reassurance and education how to manipulate the deformed foot. During the examination we usually use provocative maneuver to trigger peroneal activity. This manual stimulation usually reveals active eversion and dorsiflexion of the foot in most of the children, but not in all of them. Small part of the children reacts in opposite direction - instead of the typical eversion they demonstrate inversion and some plantar flexion of the foot. We have the impression that this subgroup of children improves the deformity slower and sometime less complete than most of the children. We did not find in the literature any description of this phenomenon. We postulate, that atypically reacting patients probably have different response due to abnormalities of neuromuscular balance between invertors-flexors and evertors-extensors muscle groups. This small subgroup of children may need more close follow-up and probably casting to speed up and secure the improvement of their deformity.
Study goals:
1. Evaluate ability of children with FFA to respond on mechanical triggering of peroneal activity
1. The majority of the patients with standard reaction - foot dorsiflexion and eversion (evertors)
2. The minority of the patients with nonstandard reaction - foot plantarflexion and inversion (invertors)
2. Evaluate randomly selected children from each group for character of muscular response on electrical stimulation (EMG) of calf muscles.
Study Design
Observational Model: Cohort, Time Perspective: Prospective
Conditions
Forefoot Adduction
Intervention
mechanical triggering of peroneal activity
Location
Hadassah Medical Organization.
Jerusalem
Israel
Status
Recruiting
Source
Hadassah Medical Organization
Results (where available)
Links
- Source: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00470756
- Information obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov on July 15, 2010
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Peroneal Neuropathies
Disease involving the common PERONEAL NERVE or its branches, the deep and superficial peroneal nerves. Lesions of the deep peroneal nerve are associated with PARALYSIS of dorsiflexion of the ankle and toes and loss of sensation from the web space between the first and second toe. Lesions of the superficial peroneal nerve result in weakness or paralysis of the peroneal muscles (which evert the foot) and loss of sensation over the dorsal and lateral surface of the leg. Traumatic injury to the common peroneal nerve near the head of the FIBULA is a relatively common cause of this condition. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p31)
Peroneal Nerve
The lateral of the two terminal branches of the sciatic nerve. The peroneal (or fibular) nerve provides motor and sensory innervation to parts of the leg and foot.
Duane Retraction Syndrome
A syndrome characterized by marked limitation of abduction of the eye, variable limitation of adduction and retraction of the globe, and narrowing of the palpebral fissure on attempted adduction. The condition is caused by aberrant innervation of the lateral rectus by fibers of the oculomotor nerve. There are three subtypes: type 1 (associated with loss of abduction), type 2 (associated with loss of adduction), and type 3 (loss of abduction and adduction). Two loci for Duane retraction syndrome have been located, one at chromosome 8q13 (DURS1) and another at chromosome 2q31(DURS2). It is usually caused by congenital hypoplasia of the abducens nerve or nucleus, but may rarely represent an acquired syndrome. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p271; Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p691)
Sciatic Neuropathy
Disease or damage involving the SCIATIC NERVE, which divides into the PERONEAL NERVE and TIBIAL NERVE (see also PERONEAL NEUROPATHIES and TIBIAL NEUROPATHY). Clinical manifestations may include SCIATICA or pain localized to the hip, PARESIS or PARALYSIS of posterior thigh muscles and muscles innervated by the peroneal and tibial nerves, and sensory loss involving the lateral and posterior thigh, posterior and lateral leg, and sole of the foot. The sciatic nerve may be affected by trauma; ISCHEMIA; COLLAGEN DISEASES; and other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1363)
Forefoot, Human
The forepart of the foot including the metatarsals and the TOES.
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