Mitochondrial DNA Abnormalities

Selective monoamine oxidase type B MAOB inhibitors

The clinical benefit of monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) inhibitors is thought to arise from an ability of these medications to enhance the level of dopamine by decreasing the catabolism. Additional...

Cytokine Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF)

TNF is a compound that is classified as a cytokine which plays a central role in the cellular mechanisms of apoptosis or cell death. However, there are a number of different kinds of TNF, just under...

Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease: molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological consequences

Konstanze Winklhofer and colleagues review the various aspects of mitochondrial biology that is affected in Parkinson’s disease including mitochondrial biogenesis, bioenergetics, dynamics, transport...

Impaired mitochondrial biogenesis contributes to depletion of functional mitochondria in chronic MPP+ toxicity: dual roles for ERK1/2

Mcl-1 rescues a glitch in the matrix

Bcl-2 family proteins are known to control cell death and influence mitochondrial function. The function of Mcl-1, an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, is now shown to depend on its subcellular localizati...

Sphingomyelin organization is required for vesicle biogenesis at the Golgi complex

Sphingomyelin organization is required for vesicle biogenesis at the Golgi complexLipid-raft domains enriched in sphingomyelin and cholesterol in the Golgi membranes are required for the biogenesis of...

Mitochondria-type GPAT is required for mitochondrial fusion

Mitochondria-type GPAT is required for mitochondrial fusionLysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a lipid produced by the mitochondrial glycerolipid synthesis enzyme GPAT, rescues the mitochondrial fragmentatio...

Anti-apoptotic MCL-1 localizes to the mitochondrial matrix and couples mitochondrial fusion to respiration

MCL-1 is an anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family member and is frequently upregulated in cancer, but the mechanism by which it promotes cell survival has been elusive. Opferman and colleagues provide insight i...

New hope for mitochondrial disease sufferers

Scientists have succeeded in replacing mitochondrial DNA in human oocytes, which they hope will lead to the procedure being developed for use in patients with mitochondrial diseases.

Trex1 regulates lysosomal biogenesis and interferon-independent activation of antiviral genes

Trex1 is a cytosolic exonuclease that limits sensing of intracellular DNA. Yan and colleagues show that Trex1 deficiency spontaneously heightens adaptor STING–dependent proinflammatory responses via...

Upregulation of Human Selenoprotein H in murine hippocampal neuronal cells promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and functional performance.

Overexpression of selenoprotein H (SelH) gene provides neuroprotection in neurons against UVB-induced cell death by blocking the mitochondrial initiated apoptotic cell death pathway. This study examin...

Muscle regeneration occurs to coincide with mitochondrial biogenesis.

We investigated the expression of the nuclear-encoded genes controlling the mitochondrial properties in the mouse gastrocnemius muscle to gain insight into the mitochondrial biogenesis that occurs dur...

Impaired mitochondrial biogenesis in hippocampi of rats with chronic seizures.

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been suggested to be a contributing factor of epilepsy, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely explored. Mitochondrial biogenesis is involved in regulation of m...

Mitochondrial dysregulation in the pathogenesis of diabetes: potential for mitochondrial biogenesis-mediated interventions.

Muscle mitochondrial metabolism is a tightly controlled process that involves the coordination of signaling pathways and factors from both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Perhaps the most impor...

Impaired mitochondrial biogenesis due to dysfunctional adiponectin-AMPK-PGC-1α signaling contributing to increased vulnerability in diabetic heart.

Impaired mitochondrial biogenesis causes skeletal muscle damage in diabetes. However, whether and how mitochondrial biogenesis is impaired in the diabetic heart remains largely unknown. Whether adipon...