Protein C activated rDNA

Factor V Resistance to Activated Protein C APC

p38 mitogen activated protein kinase MAPK Inhibitors

The next generation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors has reached clinical proof-of-concept studies in phase II in a broad range of indications. While the previous generation o...

Myc is the protein encoded by the MYC gene that activates the cell cycle

Myc is the protein encoded by the MYC gene that activates the cell cycle. It promotes cell replication through genetic coding for p14, inhibiting MDM2 and preventing the degradation of the pro-apopt...

Ras is the first protein in the apoptosis cascade

Ras is the first protein in the apoptosis cascade, activated by tyrosine kinase receptors in response to growth factor stimulation from the extra cellular matrix. Ras is an oncogene, meaning it prom...

Signalling: PI3Kδ keeps TLR4 signalling on track

PI3Kδ regulates TLR4 signalling by controlling the subcellular localization of TLR4 and TIRAP.

Fetuin-A acts as an endogenous ligand of TLR4 to promote lipid-induced insulin resistance

Excess free fatty acids (FFAs) are known to induce insulin resistance, and a role for TLR4 has been implicated in this process. But FFAs are believed to be incapable of binding TLR4 directly. In a new...

ATF4 is directly recruited by TLR4 signaling and positively regulates TLR4-trigged cytokine production in human monocytes

Scientists uncover new role for TLR4 in development of tissue fibrosis or scarring

An international multi-disciplinary research team led by Northwestern Medicine scientists has uncovered a new role for the protein toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the development of tissue fibrosis, or...

The TLR4 antagonist Eritoran protects mice from lethal influenza infection

There is a pressing need to develop alternatives to annual influenza vaccines and antiviral agents licensed for mitigating influenza infection. Previous studies reported that acute lung injury caused...

Pathway Discovered That Has Potential Implications For Scleroderma Therapy

An international multi-disciplinary research team led by Northwestern Medicine scientists has uncovered a new role for the protein toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the development of tissue fibrosis, or...

Pharmacological targeting of the thrombomodulin–activated protein C pathway mitigates radiation toxicity

Using an unbiased genetic screen in mice, Hartmut Geiger et al. found that the thrombomodulin–activated protein C pathway, which controls blood coagulation among other functions, also protects from...

Protein implicated in fibrosis and scleroderma

A protein called toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) appears to be involved in the development of tissue scarring or 'fibrosis', a hallmark of scleroderma.Scleroderma is a condition involving thickeni...

Adenosine Reduces Cell Surface Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Inflammation in Response to Lipopolysaccharide and Matrix Products.

Recent evidence suggests that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is not only involved in innate immunity but is also an important mediator of adverse left ventricular remodeling and heart failure following a...

C-Reactive Protein Induces TNF-alpha Secretion by p38 MAPK-TLR4 Signal Pathway in Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. C-reactive protein (CRP) not only is an inflammatory marker but also regulates the expressions of other inflammatory cytokines associated with the pa...

C-reactive protein triggers inflammatory responses partly via TLR4/IRF3/NF-kappaB signaling pathway in rat vascular smooth muscle cells.

AIMS: C-reactive protein (CRP) plays an important role in the inflammatory process of atherosclerosis. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) participates in atherogenesis by mediating the inflammatory responses...

The toll-like receptor 4-mediated signaling pathway is activated following optic nerve injury in mice.

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been demonstrated to play an important role during aseptic inflammation caused by nervous system diseases. The purpose of this study was to explore the underlying mecha...

Hypertension augments cardiac Toll-like receptor 4 expression and activity.

Hypertension causes cardiac hypertrophy characterized by low-grade inflammation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), members of the innate immune system, contribute to cardiac failure. We hypothesized that hy...