Serum proteins

Serum immunoglobulins

Serum copper

Horse Serum Merck

Horse Serum Wyeth

FOXOphagy path to inducing stress resistance and cell survival

Nutrient deprivation and other stress stimuli elicit metabolic changes (such as the induction of autophagy and activation of FOXO transcription factors) that help an organism adapt to stressful condit...

Brain alanine formation as an ammonia-scavenging pathway during hyperammonemia: effects of glutamine synthetase inhibition in rats and astrocyte–neuron co-cultures

Figure 1: Glutamine metabolism

Glutamine metabolism drives PDAC Figure 1. Glutamine metabolism. Cancer cells are dependent on specific metabolic pathways, such as glutamine metabolism, to supply excess energy that sustains cell gro...

Modulation of glutamine metabolism by the PI(3)K–PKB–FOXO network regulates autophagy

Coffer and colleagues report that the transcription factor FOXO3 regulates the induction of autophagy. In response to PI(3)K–Akt signalling, FOXO3 directly induces expression of glutamine synthase,...

Metabolism: Glutamine connections

Three recent studies have uncovered molecular links between various cancer signalling pathways and altered glutamine metabolism.

Pancreatic Cancer Cells Vulnerable to Glutamine Pathway Inhibitors

Pancreatic cancer cells utilize the amino acid glutamine to fuel their metabolism and are dependent on a single molecular...

Glutamine Therapy Dangerous to the Critically Ill

Treating critically ill patients with the amino acid glutamine not only didn't help, but may have increased their risk of death, according to a new study in 40 intensive care units in Canada, the Unit...

Extra glutamine increases mortality in critically ill adults

N Engl J Med2013;368:1489-97Early glutamine supplementation looked harmful to critically ill adults in a large trial that tested the supplements in intensive care units in Canada, the US, and Europe.....

Serum Glutamine Synthetase Has No Value as a Diagnostic Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease.

In order to test whether serum glutamine synthetase (GS) is of potential diagnostic value for Alzheimer's disease (AD), we set up a study to compare serum GS concentrations between AD patients and con...

Transcription factor TnrA inhibits the biosynthetic activity of glutamine synthetase in Bacillus subtilis.

The Bacillus subtilis glutamine synthetase (GS) plays a dual role in cell metabolism by functioning as catalyst and regulator. GS catalyses the ATP-dependent synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and...

Ammonia Channeling in Plasmodium falciparum GMP Synthetase: Investigation by NMR Spectroscopy and Biochemical Assays.

GMP synthetase, a class I amidotransferase, catalyzes the last step of the purine biosynthetic pathway, where ammonia from glutamine is incorporated into xanthosine 5'-monophospate to yield guanosine...

Molecular cloning and characterization of glutamine synthetase, a tegumental protein from Schistosoma japonicum.

Glutamine synthetase catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine, providing nitrogen for the production of purines, pyrimidines, amino acids, and other compounds required in many pivotal cellular events. Her...

(1)H, (13)C, (15)N assignment and secondary structure determination of glutamine amido transferase subunit of gaunosine monophosphate synthetase from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii.

Sequence specific resonance assignments have been obtained for (1)H, (13)C and (15)N nuclei of the 21 kDa (188 residues long) glutamine amido transferase subunit of guanosine monophosphate synthetase...