Chemokines chemotactic cytokines CXCR CXCL

Chemokines, or chemotactic cytokines, and their receptors have been discovered as essential and selective mediators in leukocyte migration to inflammatory sites and to secondary lymphoid organs. Besid...

CaptureSelect

BAC’s CaptureSelect products are affinity ligands and affinity resins created by a proprietary technology based on Camelid-derived single domain antibody fragments for the purification of biop...

Interleukin 1 IL 1 Receptor IL 1R

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) beta is a proinflammatory cytokine driving joint inflammation as well as systemic signs of inflammation, such as fever and acute phase protein production. Current therapy targetin...

Interleukin 17 IL 17R IL 17

The IL-17 family consists of six ligands, A-F. IL-17 was originally thought to signal via the classic receptor IL-17R, but IL17 stimulates a receptor complex that consists of the subunits IL-17RA and...

Cytotoxic lymphocyte associated molecule 4 CTLA 4 CD152

Cytotoxic lymphocyte-associated molecule-4 (CTLA-4, CD152) is a member of the CD28 receptor family which is expressed on the surface of Helper T cells. CTLA-4 is similar to the T-cell costimulatory pr...

Signalling: PI3Kδ keeps TLR4 signalling on track

PI3Kδ regulates TLR4 signalling by controlling the subcellular localization of TLR4 and TIRAP.

Fetuin-A acts as an endogenous ligand of TLR4 to promote lipid-induced insulin resistance

Excess free fatty acids (FFAs) are known to induce insulin resistance, and a role for TLR4 has been implicated in this process. But FFAs are believed to be incapable of binding TLR4 directly. In a new...

ATF4 is directly recruited by TLR4 signaling and positively regulates TLR4-trigged cytokine production in human monocytes

The TLR4 antagonist Eritoran protects mice from lethal influenza infection

There is a pressing need to develop alternatives to annual influenza vaccines and antiviral agents licensed for mitigating influenza infection. Previous studies reported that acute lung injury caused...

Scientists uncover new role for TLR4 in development of tissue fibrosis or scarring

An international multi-disciplinary research team led by Northwestern Medicine scientists has uncovered a new role for the protein toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the development of tissue fibrosis, or...

The p110δ isoform of the kinase PI(3)K controls the subcellular compartmentalization of TLR4 signaling and protects from endotoxic shock

TLR4 signaling shifts from plasma membrane TIRAP-MyD88–mediated pathways to endosomal TRAM-TRIF–mediated signaling. Vanhaesebroeck and colleagues show that the kinase PI(3)K p110δ is required for...

Pathway Discovered That Has Potential Implications For Scleroderma Therapy

An international multi-disciplinary research team led by Northwestern Medicine scientists has uncovered a new role for the protein toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the development of tissue fibrosis, or...

NovImmune Initiates Phase I Clinical Study with First-in-Class Anti-TLR4 Monoclonal Antibody

NovImmune SA initiated dosing in a Phase I clinical trial of NI-0101, a monoclonal antibody drug candidate targeting toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4). NI-0101 was discovered a...

Improving the immunostimulatory potency of diethanolamine-containing lipid A mimics.

Lipid A is the active principal of gram negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Given the important role TLR4 plays in innate immunity and the dev...

Interaction of β2-Glycoprotein I with Lipopolysaccharide Leads to Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent Activation of Macrophages.

β(2)-Glycoprotein I (β(2)GPI) is an abundant plasma protein that binds to the surface of cells and particles expressing negatively charged lipids, but its physiological role remains unknown. Antibod...

RP105 involved in activation of mouse macrophages via TLR2 and TLR4 signaling.

RP105 is a member of the toll-like receptor family of proteins that transmits an activation signal in B cells, playing a role in regulation of B cell growth and death; in macrophages and dendritic cel...

TLR4 Ligands Augment Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Lymphocyte Responses Elicited by a Viral Vaccine Vector.

Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands are critical activators of innate immunity and are being developed as vaccine adjuvants. However, their utility in conjunction with viral vector-based vaccines remains...

SCF and TLR4 ligand cooperate to augment the tumor-promoting potential of mast cells.

Mast cells may have either antitumor or tumor-promoting potential. Nevertheless, mast cells in tumor microenvironment have been found to promote tumor growth. So far the mechanisms underlying the modu...