Luteinizing Hormone LH - Biotech, Pharma and Life Science Channel
Luteinizing hormone (LH), a gonadotropin, stimulates the gonads - in males, the testes, and in females, the ovaries. It is essential for reproduction, and secreted from cells in the anterior pituitary called gonadotrophs. In females, ovulation of mature follicles on the ovary is induced by a large burst of LH secretion known as the preovulatory LH surge. Residual cells within ovulated follicles proliferate to form corpora lutea, which secrete the steroid hormones progesterone and estradiol. Progesterone is necessary for maintenance of pregnancy, and, in most mammals, LH is required for continued development and function of corpora lutea. The name luteinizing hormone derives from this effect of inducing luteinization of ovarian follicles.
Uses of LH-related compounds;
* LH is being used as part of menotropin preparations together with FSH or alone if profound LH deficiency has been diagnosed.
*The first luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists were synthesized in the 1970s and leuprolide acetate became available for the treatment of prostate cancer in the 1980s.
*Today there are several LHRH agonists commonly used in treatment of prostate cancer.
*The use of agonistic analogues of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) is an established therapy for hormone-dependent metastatic pre-menopausal breast cancer. In the treatment of post-menopausal metastatic breast cancer, LHRH agonists also have some effect, although minor. Experimental data and several pilot clinical trials suggest that in epithelial ovarian cancer and sex-cord-stromal tumours of the ovary, LHRH agonists might have antitumour activity through the suppression of gonadotrophin secretion (selective medical hypophysectomy). Phase III clinical trials, evaluating this hypothesis, are in progress. Since 50% of breast cancers and 80% of epithelial ovarian cancers and endometrial cancers have high affinity binding sites for LHRH, cytotoxic LHRH analogues might provide a targeted chemotherapy, which would be more efficacious and less toxic than conventional regimens.
Source; Hum Reprod. 2000 Sep;15(9):2059-61.
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Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Luteinization
Formation of CORPUS LUTEUM. This process includes capillary invasion of the ruptured OVARIAN FOLLICLE, hypertrophy of the GRANULOSA CELLS and the THECA CELLS, and the production of PROGESTERONE. Luteinization is regulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE.
Thyroid Hormone Receptors Alpha
High affinity receptors for THYROID HORMONES, especially TRIIODOTHYRONINE. These receptors are usually found in the nucleus where they regulate DNA transcription. They are encoded by the THRA gene (also known as NR1A1, THRA1, ERBA or ERBA1 gene) as several isoforms produced by alternative splicing.
Thyroid Hormone Receptors Beta
High affinity receptors for THYROID HORMONES, especially TRIIODOTHYRONINE. These receptors are usually found in the nucleus where they regulate DNA transcription. They are encoded by the THRB gene (also known as NR1A2, THRB1, or ERBA2 gene) as several isoforms produced by alternative splicing. Mutations in the THRB gene cause THYROID HORMONE RESISTANCE SYNDROME.
Luteinizing Hormone, Beta Subunit
The beta subunit of luteinizing hormone. It is a 15-kDa glycopolypeptide with structure similar to the beta subunit of the placental chorionic gonadatropin (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, BETA SUBUNIT, HUMAN) except for the additional 31 amino acids at the C-terminal of CG-beta. Full biological activity of LH requires the non-covalently bound heterodimers of an alpha and a beta subunit. Mutation of the LHB gene causes HYPOGONADISM and infertility.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Beta Subunit
The beta subunit of follicle stimulating hormone. It is a 15-kDa glycopolypeptide. Full biological activity of FSH requires the non-covalently bound heterodimers of an alpha and a beta subunit. Mutation of the FSHB gene causes delayed puberty, or infertility.
