Urinary tract infections.
Summary of "Urinary tract infections."
Urinary tract infections occur very frequently in the community and in hospitalized patients and are mainly caused by Escherichia (E.) coli. Depending on virulence determinants of uropathogenic microorganisms and host-specific defense mechanisms, urinary tract infections can manifest as cystitis, pyelonephritis (bacterial interstitial nephritis), bacteremia or urosepsis. Uncomplicated urinary tract infections in otherwise healthy women should be treated for 3-7 days depending on the antibiotic therapy chosen, even if spontaneous remission rates of up to 40% have been reported. Antibiotics of the first choice for empirical treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection are fluoroquinolones, pivmecillinam and fosfomycin. A huge problem is the increasing antimicrobial resistance of uropathogenic microorganisms. Complicated urinary tract infections associated with anatomical and/or functional abnormalities of the urinary tract and/or comorbidities such as diabetes or immunosuppressive therapy, need longer antibiotic treatment (e.g. 10-14 days) as well as interdisciplinary diagnostic procedures. Treatment of community acquired urosepsis includes cephalosporins of the third generation, piperacillin/tazobactam or ciprofloxacin. For nosocomial urosepsis the combination with an aminoglycoside or a carbapenem is recommended.
Affiliation
Klinische Abteilung für Nephrologie und Dialyse, Medizinische Universitätsklinik III, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich, walter.hoerl@meduniwien.ac.at.
Journal Details
This article was published in the following journal.
Name: Der Internist
ISSN: 1432-1289
Pages:
Links
- PubMed Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21850538
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00108-011-2861-0
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Urinary Tract Infections
Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.
Urology
A surgical specialty concerned with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the urinary tract in both sexes, and the genital tract in the male. Common urological problems include urinary obstruction, URINARY INCONTINENCE, infections, and UROGENITAL NEOPLASMS.
Cefonicid
A second-generation cephalosporin administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Its bactericidal action results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. It is used for urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and soft tissue and bone infections.
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli
Strains of Escherichia coli that preferentially grow and persist within the urinary tract. They exhibit certain virulence factors and strategies that cause urinary tract infections.
Sulfacetamide
An anti-infective agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.
PubMed Articles
Recurrent urinary tract infections in women: diagnosis and management.
Recurrent urinary tract infections, presenting as dysuria or irritative voiding symptoms, are most commonly caused by reinfection with the original bacterial isolate in young, otherwise healthy women...
Most (59% to 86%) hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) are catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). As of 2008, claims data are used to deny payment for certain hospital-acq...
PURPOSE: Urinary tract infection will develop in 40% of children who undergo renal transplantation. Post-transplant urinary tract infection is associated with earlier graft loss in adults. However, th...
Urinary Tract Infections in Patients with Spinal Cord Injuries.
Spinal cord injuries (SCI) result in different lower urinary tract dysfunctions. Because of both the disease and the bladder drainage method, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most freque...
Recovering incidence from repeated measures of prevalence: the case of urinary tract infections.
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationships between prevalence and incidence in the case of nosocomial infections of the urinary tract, and to evaluate if repeated prevalence measures may be useful to obtai...
Clinical Trials
Vaccine for Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Women
The purpose of this study is determine whether a vaginal mucosal vaccine given to women with a history of recurrent urinary tract infections can reduce the number of infections occurring i...
Automatic Stop Orders for Urinary Catheters
Urinary tract infections are the most common type of hospital-acquired infection. The majority of these infections result from the use of indwelling urinary catheters. Often caregivers l...
Identification of the Cranberry Juice Compounds That Prevent Urinary Tract Infections
The purpose of this study is to identify the substances in cranberry juice that make it effective in reducing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women.
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that MK0826 is comparable to Meropenem in the treatment of complicated Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in adults.
Nitrofurantoin and Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common complication after surgery for prolapse or urinary incontinence. UTIs are painful and have the potential to turn into kidney infections. We...
