PubMed Journal Database | Respiratory medicine 
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Showing PubMed Articles 1–25 of 38 from Respiratory medicine
Long term performance characteristics of an electrochemical nitric oxide analyser.
BACKGROUND: The NIOX MINO(®) is a nitric oxide (FE(NO)) analyser based on electrochemical technology. It includes a replaceable sensor. Quality control procedures are recommended, but regular calibration is not possible. We aimed to evaluate the performance characteristics of the NIOX MINO(®) to identify if reproducibility changed over time, or with different sensors. Also, there are reports that reproducibility of FE(NO) may be reduced in patients with high FE(NO): our secondary aim was to address this i...
Indacaterol once-daily is equally effective dosed in the evening or morning in COPD.
Indacaterol is a novel, inhaled, long-acting β(2)-agonist providing 24-h bronchodilation with once-daily (o.d.) dosing in patients with COPD. In this double-blind, incomplete block crossover study, patients with moderate-to-severe COPD were randomised to receive three treatment cycles from: indacaterol 300 μg o.d. dosed PM or AM, salmeterol 50 μg twice daily or placebo, each for 14 days. Trough FEV(1) was measured 24 h after indacaterol, and 12 h after salmeterol. Ninety-six patients (mean age: 64 ye...
Contrasting pressure-support ventilation and helium-oxygen during exercise in severe COPD.
Helium-oxygen mixtures and pressure-support ventilation have been used to unload the respiratory muscles and increase exercise tolerance in COPD. Considering the different characteristics of these techniques, we hypothesized that helium-oxygen would be more effective in reducing exercise-induced dynamic hyperinflation than pressure-support. We also hypothesized that patients would experience greater increases in respiratory rate and minute ventilation with helium-oxygen than with pressure-support. The hypot...
Potentially modifiable predictors of mortality in patients treated with long-term oxygen therapy.
INTRODUCTION: Anemia is considered a systemic manifestation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD); however, few studies have described its influence on chronic respiratory failure (CRF) prognosis. We aimed to test the hypotheses that anemia negatively influences survival and also to identify the cut-off points of hematocrit (Htc) and hemoglobin (Hb) associated with higher mortality in CRF patients using long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). METHODS: One-hundred forty two patients with CRF in use of LTO...
Staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A review.
Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer-related mortality in Scotland, accounting for 28.9% of all cancer deaths in 2007.(1) Current guidelines recommend assessment of patient fitness and operability by a multi-disciplinary team when selecting management options.(2-6) Two of the most important prognostic markers are the stage of disease and ECOG performance status. The most commonly used cancer staging system is the tumour, node, metastasis (TNM) staging system, which is maintained by the Americ...
Lower sensitivity of nasal polyp fibroblasts to glucocorticoid anti-proliferative effects.
BACKGROUND: Treatment with glucocorticoids (GCs) is the cornerstone of nasal polyp (NP) therapy, but some patients respond poorly to them. Fibroblasts are involved in both inflammation and remodelling of NP. We aimed to evaluate whether NP fibroblasts are less sensitive to GCs' anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects, compared to nasal mucosa (NM) fibroblasts. METHODS: Fibroblasts were obtained from NP (n = 8) from asthmatic patients undergoing endoscopic surgery and NM (n = 8) from patients un...
RATIONALE: There is a lack of consensus on factors that predict mortality in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). Tests that can accurately predict prognosis are needed to guide treatment and counsel patients. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review to identify factors that prognosticate mortality in IPAH. Study design, cohort size, comparison method, measured value, and statistical significance was extracted for eight pre-selected parameters [pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), mean pulmon...
Behaviour and survival of high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung.
INTRODUCTION: Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is an aggressive variant of large-cell carcinoma of the lung, which has poor survival in most series, resembling that of small-cell lung carcinoma. We report our retrospective assessment of surgically-resected cases of both tumours. METHODS: 33 large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and 16 peripheral small-cell lung carcinomas were reassessed retrospectively. Survival rates of both tumours in surgically-resected cases were calculated and compared using Kaplan-...
Omalizumab-induced decrease of FcvarepsilonRI expression in patients with severe allergic asthma.
BACKGROUND: It is documented that omalizumab treatment reduces the cell surface expression of immunoglobulin E high-affinity receptor (FcvarepsilonRI) on several cell types. This has not been investigated in patients with uncontrolled severe persistent allergic asthma. METHODS: In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, patients with severe allergic asthma uncontrolled by high dose inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta(2)-agonist received either omalizumab (n = 20) or placebo (n = 11) o...
Air pollution and children's respiratory symptoms in six cities of Northern China.
OBJECTIVE: The associations between air pollution and children's respiratory health in the high pollution range have not yet been clearly characterized. We evaluated the effects of outdoor air pollution on respiratory morbidity in children selected from multiple sites in a heavy industrial province of northeastern China. METHODS: The study included 11,860 children aged 3-12 years, selected from 18 districts of 6 cities in Liaoning province, the participation rate is 89.9%. Informed consent and written respo...
BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is common in advanced COPD and worsens rapidly after transplantation, potentially impairing quality of life. Increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) has been observed in COPD and linked with osteoporosis in the general population. This association has not been previously examined in COPD. METHODS: We reviewed the records of 245 COPD patients referred for lung transplant evaluation. Osteoporosis was defined by either dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scan or use of osteo...
The Physicians' Practice Assessment Questionnaire on asthma and COPD.
We describe a new tool, the Physicians' Practice Assessment Questionnaire (PPAQ), designed for the global self-assessment of implementation of asthma and COPD guidelines, as determined by the percentage of patients in whom physicians estimate that they implement guidelines key recommendations. Some of its properties were assessed by a group of 47 general practitioners (GPs), and test-retest data were obtained in repeating the questionnaire at a 5-week interval without intervention in a sub-group of 28 pract...
Exercise decreases plasma antioxidant capacity and increases urinary isoprostanes of IPF patients.
We tested whether markers of systemic oxidant stress were detectable in 29 typical IPF patients, and whether these increased after low level exercise. We obtained resting plasma for measurement of amino terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and plasma and urine samples for isoprostanes and total nitrite. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured in plasma, and H(2)O(2) was measured in urine. Subjects exercised at 50 W on a semi recumbent bicycle until limited by dyspnea. Samples were obtai...
Omalizumab treatment and exercise capacity in severe asthmatics - Results from a pilot study.
BACKGROUND: In patients with moderate to severe allergic asthma, clinical effectiveness of omalizumab, an approved anti-IgE-reacting substance, is usually assessed by pulmonary function testing (PFT), symptom scores and physicians judgement. AIMS: We postulate that cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) may provide an additional option to verify symptomatic changes in patients with allergic asthma. METHODS: Ten consecutive patients with allergic asthma were treated with omalizumab. Prior to and after 16 we...
BACKGROUND: Increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in inflamed tonsils has been reported. Our preliminary observation was the first to demonstrate that increased exhaled NO level may occur in patients with tonsillitis. OBJECTIVE: To extend the observation scope, the same group of patients was examined for NO exhaled after tonsillectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Exhaled oral NO level was measured with Niox Mino((R)) analyzer, six-seven months after tonsillectomy in 27 non-atopic patients who s...
BACKGROUND: Susceptibility to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has a genetic component. We undertook a study to determine if a genetic variant of the gene encoding the cyclooxygenase-2 gene influences the likelihood of developing COPD. METHODS: In a case control study the frequency of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of the cyclooxygenase-2 gene (-765 G --> C) was determined in 205 subjects with COPD, 171 chronic smokers with normal lung function (resistant smokers) and 95...
COPD in young patients: A pre-specified analysis of the four-year trial of tiotropium (UPLIFT).
Whilst recent large-scale studies have provided much evidence on the natural history and therapeutic response in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), relatively little is known about the effect in younger patients. We report a pre-specified post-hoc analysis of 356 patients with COPD /=10 pack years. Younger patients had a mean FEV(1) of 1.24 L (39% predicted) and an impaired health-related quality of life (St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ)) compared to the entire UPLIFT p...
PURPOSE: The aim of this retrospective study is to present data on clinical significance of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) serum levels in an unselected contemporary patient population with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in limited disease (LD) and extensive disease stage (ED). PATIENTS AND METHODS: From June 2004 to June 2008, our electronic database including all in-patient and out-patient contacts was searched for patients with newly diagnosed LD and ED SCLC. 397 cases were identified. We collected data on p...
Chronic respiratory disease and multimorbidity: Prevalence and impact in a general practice setting.
BACKGROUND: Multimorbidity is defined as two or more co-existing chronic conditions in an individual and is common in general practice. It is associated with poorer outcomes for patients. This study aimed to establish the prevalence of multimorbidity in patients with chronic respiratory disease in general practice and to describe its impact on health service use. METHODS: Cross-sectional study based in general practice in Dublin. Drug and disease code searches were performed to identify adult patients with...
Phenotypic differences between asymptomatic airway hyperresponsiveness and remission of asthma.
BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to illustrate differences in characteristics and perception of dyspnea between young atopic adults who have no history of asthma (never-asthmatics) with or without asymptomatic airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and those who had childhood asthma and consider themselves to be grown out of the disease (past-asthmatics). METHODS: Blood parameters, lung function and methacholine PC(20) were measured in 88 never-asthmatics and 24 past-asthmatics. A perception score of dyspnea a...
Increases in airway eosinophilia and a th1 cytokine during the chronic asymptomatic phase of asthma.
BACKGROUND: Studies using allergen challenge models have suggested Th2 cytokines promote airway inflammation in asthma. We assessed mediators of airway inflammation during the chronic asymptomatic phase of asthma. METHODS: Nine non-atopic asthma (NAA) patients, 19 atopic asthma (AA) patients, 20 atopic controls (AC), and 38 normal controls (NC) underwent sputum induction while asymptomatic. Sputum total cell counts and differentials were determined; levels of cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, GM-CSF, and IFN-gam...
Montelukast added to fluticasone propionate does not alter inflammation or outcomes.
BACKGROUND: Airway inflammation is a key pathological feature of asthma which underlies its clinical presentation. OBJECTIVES: To examine whether adding a leukotriene modifier to an inhaled corticosteroid produces further clinical and/or anti-inflammatory benefits in patients symptomatic on short-acting beta(2)-agonists. METHODS: Patients uncontrolled on short-acting beta(2)-agonists were treated for 12 weeks with either fluticasone propionate (100mcg BD) or fluticasone propionate (100mcg BD) and montelukas...
Three-year dispensing patterns with long-acting inhaled drugs in COPD: A database analysis.
BACKGROUND: Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA), long-acting beta2-agonists (LABA) and fixed dose combinations (FDC) of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and LABA are used as inhaled maintenance therapies for COPD. OBJECTIVE: To estimate persistence rates from dispensing patterns of long-acting inhaled drugs for COPD. METHODS: From the PHARMO-database, COPD patients starting LAMA, LABA or LABA-ICS FDC between 2002 and 2006 were selected. Persistence with the initial as well as with any long-acting inhaled...
Self-reported symptoms and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in elite cross-country skiers.
INTRODUCTION: Respiratory symptoms in relationship to exercise, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), and exercise-induced asthma (EIA) are very common in elite winter athletes. Symptom-based screening for BHR would facilitate selection of athletes with possible EIA. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of self-reported symptoms as predictors of BHR in an unselected population of adult elite cross-country skiers. METHODS: Forty-six Swedish adult skiers competing at...
BACKGROUND: The predictive factors for treatment response in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are unknown. We investigated predictive factors for response to fluticasone propionate/salmeterol (FSC) in severe COPD patients. METHODS: This prospective, open-label, non-comparative study included 921 adult patients with severe COPD (baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1))
